AGGIORNAMENTO SCIENTIFICO IN TEMPO REALE FORNITO DA:
- A Novel Approach to Map the Causal Impact of Brain Stimulation on Semantic Processing With Language Modelsby Andrea Bruera on 15 Maggio 2026
Noninvasive brain stimulation studies on semantic cognition hold the promise of revealing the functional relevance of brain areas through causal intervention. A primary challenge, however, is that findings are often interpreted through binary distinctions between sets of stimuli (e.g., related/unrelated words, same/different semantic category). This approach ignores the analysis of individual words, which mirrors every day language use and is crucial for understanding semantic cognition. In this...
- Pulvinar subdivisions and connectivity patterns across primate species: a comparative perspectiveby Juliana G M Soares on 14 Maggio 2026
With the advances in our ability to perturb brain activity in recent years, new stimulation techniques have become essential tools in human neuroscience. Non-invasive stimulation methods, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), as well as deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivered invasively to access deep brain structures, have been applied in both basic and clinical research and in the treatment of neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor and epilepsy. In...
- A meta-analysis suggests that TMS targeting the hippocampal network selectively improves episodic memoryby Elena Badillo Goicoechea on 14 Maggio 2026
Episodic memory is critically dependent on the hippocampal network and is frequently impaired in many clinical disorders. Recent findings highlight Hippocampal Indirectly Targeted Stimulation (HITS) as a promising, network-guided non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) procedure to enhance episodic memory performance. Here, we report the first comprehensive meta-analysis of HITS effects on episodic memory, encompassing both healthy individuals and clinical populations. HITS using...
- A proof-of-principle study of tractography-based machine learning for predicting transcranial magnetic stimulation motor responsivenessby Lucas Dos Santos Betioli on 14 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: This approach may be extended to other brain regions and functional domains beyond the motor cortex. Despite promising feasibility, substantial inter-subject variability highlights the need for larger studies and more robust training data.
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Frontotemporal Dementia: A Systematic Review of Non-Pharmacological Treatment Approachesby Elisa Dognini on 13 Maggio 2026
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous disorder for which disease-modifying treatments are lacking. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach to modulate dysfunctional neural networks and support residual plasticity. This systematic review aims to provide an updated overview of current NIBS applications across the main clinical syndromes associated with FTD, namely behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), semantic variant of primary progressive...
- A visual cortex origin of trauma memory intrusions: integrated evidence from TMS and fMRIby Jinxiao Dai on 11 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide the first causal evidence for the direct involvement of the early visual cortex in trauma-memory intrusions. They highlight the visual system as a novel neuromodulation target for therapeutic intervention on PTSD.
- Ultrasound Guided Pulsed Radiofrequency Lesioning for Chronic Inguinal Neuralgiaby Anwesha Banerjee on 15 Maggio 2026
No abstract
- Comprehensive profiling and molecular characterization of alternative splicing regulation in synaptic remodeling associated with neuropathic pain induced by chronic constrictive injury in a rat Modelby Jun Zhou on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a transcriptome-wide view of alternative splicing and RBP dysregulation in NP, and suggests that THP may alleviate neuropathic pain partly by modulating aberrant splicing programs. These findings offer insight into NP mechanisms and identify potential therapeutic targets.
- Lesser occipital nerve decompression for medically refractory occipital headache: A retrospective case seriesby Jong-Ho Ha on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: LON decompression may represent a safe and effective surgical option for selected patients with chronic occipital headaches refractory to conservative treatment, providing meaningful pain relief and improvements in quality of life. Larger, prospective studies are warranted to refine surgical indications and confirm long-term efficacy.
- Assessing the Efficacy of Cannabinoid Compositions for Treating 3 Classes of Chronic Pain: A Real-World Evidence Studyby Daniel J Kruger on 15 Maggio 2026
PURPOSE: Cannabis has been determined to be effective at treating chronic pain, although research on the effects of specific cannabinoids, especially for different mechanisms of chronic pain, is limited. This study examined therapeutic efficacy for combinations of intoxicating and nonintoxicating cannabinoids for symptoms of 3 different types of chronic pain conditions.
- Cancer-Related Neuropathic Pain in Socially Vulnerable Patients in Brazilby Rayanne Luiza Tajra Mualem Araújo on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: Cancer-related neuropathic pain was highly prevalent and was linked to clinical and social factors associated with worse function and well-being.
- Use of soft intraoral appliance for refractory burning mouth syndrome: an exploratory case seriesby Moon-Jong Kim on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: Soft intraoral appliances may present a feasible adjunctive therapeutic option for selected patients with refractory BMS, particularly those with a limited response to pharmacologic treatments. However, given the small sample size and exploratory design of this case series, these findings should be interpreted as preliminary observations and require confirmation in larger prospective studies.
- Peer and familial influences on the association between behavioral inhibition and trajectories of social anxiety symptoms across adolescenceby Madison Politte-Corn on 16 Maggio 2026
Behavioral inhibition (BI) is one of the most reliable predictors of social anxiety, and both peers and family members play a key role in shaping this association. In a sample of adolescents enriched for elevated BI and social anxiety symptoms, we examined (1) the moderating role of familial and close peer relationship qualities on associations between BI, concurrent social anxiety symptoms, and social anxiety symptom trajectories and (2) indirect effects of adolescent BI on social anxiety...
- Investigating Associations Between Psychological Distress and Changes in Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Patients With CLL/SLL Managed With Active Surveillanceby Carolyn Y Fang on 16 Maggio 2026
Asymptomatic patients with a new diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) are commonly managed by active surveillance as per International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (iwCLL) criteria; however, many patients report elevated distress during surveillance. Psychological distress may have biologic implications given that natural killer [NK] cells, T cells, and monocytes are not only sensitive to distress, but also critical in controlling disease...
- Stress Management and Resiliency Training in People with Parkinson's Disease and their Care Partnersby Carine W Maurer on 16 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: SMART-PD is a feasible, acceptable and promising intervention to address quality of life, depression, anxiety and health promoting lifestyle behaviors in PwP, as well as caregiver burden in their care partners.
- Prevalence and Factors Associated With Nocturia (≥ 2 Night-Time Urinary Episodes) in Japan: Analysis of the 2023 Japan Community Health Survey (JaCS 2023)by Satoru Kira on 16 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of nocturia increases with age. Age, PS ≥ 1, insomnia, and hypertension were significantly associated with nocturia in both men and women.
- Symptom Networks in Postsurgical Cancer Pain Across Recovery Stagesby Jian Zhao on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: Symptom networks showed pattern-level differences, highlighting helplessness and sleep disturbance as early priorities and pain interference as a later bridging target. These findings support stage-specific screening and brief interventions in nursing practice.
- Cancer-Related Neuropathic Pain in Socially Vulnerable Patients in Brazilby Rayanne Luiza Tajra Mualem Araújo on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: Cancer-related neuropathic pain was highly prevalent and was linked to clinical and social factors associated with worse function and well-being.
- Investigating Associations Between Psychological Distress and Changes in Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Patients With CLL/SLL Managed With Active Surveillanceby Carolyn Y Fang on 16 Maggio 2026
Asymptomatic patients with a new diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) are commonly managed by active surveillance as per International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (iwCLL) criteria; however, many patients report elevated distress during surveillance. Psychological distress may have biologic implications given that natural killer [NK] cells, T cells, and monocytes are not only sensitive to distress, but also critical in controlling disease...
- Stress Management and Resiliency Training in People with Parkinson's Disease and their Care Partnersby Carine W Maurer on 16 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: SMART-PD is a feasible, acceptable and promising intervention to address quality of life, depression, anxiety and health promoting lifestyle behaviors in PwP, as well as caregiver burden in their care partners.
- Prevalence and Factors Associated With Nocturia (≥ 2 Night-Time Urinary Episodes) in Japan: Analysis of the 2023 Japan Community Health Survey (JaCS 2023)by Satoru Kira on 16 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of nocturia increases with age. Age, PS ≥ 1, insomnia, and hypertension were significantly associated with nocturia in both men and women.
- Antenatal depressive symptoms impair offspring neurodevelopment by inducing maternal gut microbiota dysbiosis during pregnancyby Fangyue Zhou on 16 Maggio 2026
The effects of maternal antenatal depression (AND) across different stages of pregnancy on offspring neurodevelopment remain poorly understood, and the underlying microbiota-related mechanisms are largely unknown. In a multicenter prospective cohort of 2053 pregnant women, we found that elevated depressive symptoms at any trimester were significantly associated with delayed infant neurodevelopment. Using a nested case‒control design with 16S rRNA sequencing of 504 maternal fecal samples, we...
- Exploring the context, mechanisms, and outcomes of school-based group interpersonal therapy for depressed adolescents in Nepal: Analysis of qualitative process data from a pilot realist cluster-randomized controlled trialby Cemile Ceren Sönmez on 16 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: Findings align with previous work and suggest different mechanisms might be at play for different groups. The refined CMOCs will be quantitatively tested in a forthcoming phase 3 realist RCT.
- Sleep health and sleep disorders in Swiss elite athletesby Albrecht P A Vorster on 15 Maggio 2026
This study assessed medically relevant symptoms of sleep disorders in elite athletes across all sport types in a large-scale Swiss sample. In late fall 2023, a total of 2293 out of 5188 members of a national squad at junior or elite level participated in an anonymous online survey (M(age) = 22.05 years; SD = 7.5, 46.4% female, 53.6% male), stemming from up to 100 different sports, including alpine skiing, athletics, football, and tennis. A total of 25.8% of athletes exhibited symptoms suggestive...
- Incidence of HIV and HCV Among People Who Inject Drugs in Montreal, Canada: Data From the HEPCO Longitudinal Cohort Study, 2011-2025by Bluma Blake Kleiner on 16 Maggio 2026
Ongoing monitoring of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV incidence among people who inject drugs (PWID) is important for epidemic control and assessing progress towards disease elimination. We estimated trends in HIV and HCV infection incidence in a community-based cohort of PWID in Montreal, Canada. Data from March 2011 to March 2025 were drawn from the HEPCO study of PWID aged ≥ 18 years and living in Montreal. Participants with at least two visits were included in analyses. We used a random...
- Cannabis Use and Clinical Outcomes in First Episode Psychosis: Results From a 2-Year Follow-Up Studyby Ilaria Domenicano on 16 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis use prior to FEP program entry was not associated with significant differences in clinical outcomes or recovery, despite being admitted with a shorter DUP and being predominantly male. Nevertheless, cannabis use was associated with more intensive antipsychotic treatment, both at admission and at 1 year. These findings underscore the importance of early detection of cannabis use and integrated care addressing both psychiatric symptoms and substance use. Future randomised...
- Path With Art: Exploring the Impact of Community Arts Programming on Trauma Recoveryby Keely Ragsdale on 16 Maggio 2026
This mixed-methods study explored the impact of community-based arts programming on psychosocial outcomes associated with trauma recovery among adults with low-to-no-income engaged in active recovery from homelessness, domestic abuse, substance use, and other forms of trauma. Conducted in partnership with Path with Art, the study assessed mental well-being, social connectedness, and self-efficacy using validated pre- and post-intervention surveys alongside qualitative exit-surveys. Participants...
- Use of the Workbook Method to estimate the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infections in the European Union and European Economic Area, 2022by Ana Paula Finatto Canabarro on 16 Maggio 2026
BACKGROUNDUp-to-date estimates of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence in both general and key populations are challenging to obtain because of underdiagnosis, heterogeneous surveillance systems and underrepresentation of key populations.AIMWe aimed to test the Workbook Method to estimate chronic HBV prevalence in 2022 across the EU/EEA, by country and among men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID) and migrants.METHODSWe used the Robert Koch Institute's version of...
- The significance of personality disorder and traits in short-term psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressionby Theresa Wilberg on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that co-occurring mild to moderate personality pathology should not be a barrier to standard psychotherapies for patients with depression. More studies are needed to investigate whether type and complexity of personality pathology differentially affect short- and longer-term outcomes of different psychotherapies for depressed patients.
- Intimate Partner Violence and Victim-Survivors' Self-Assessed Risk of Revictimisation: A Systematic Scoping Reviewby Junjue Jiang on 15 Maggio 2026
Intimate partner violence (IPV) revictimisation is associated with innumerable negative consequences for victim-survivors. Accurately assessing the risk of future violence can assist service providers and victim-survivors to implement preventive safety measures. Existing tools assess the risk of revictimisation with variable accuracy - however, these tools rarely ask victim-survivors the extent to which they perceive themselves to be at risk. Though research has explored the predictive validity...
- Therapist Drift from CBT is Associated with Substance Use Among IPV Offendersby Kaitlyn McElroy on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: Findings highlight the importance of maintaining fidelity in manualized treatments to reduce substance use among IPV offenders. Future research should examine these associations in larger, non-court mandated and more diverse samples.
- Stimulant-induced psychosis requires the same clinical priority as other psychotic disordersby Solja Niemelä on 15 Maggio 2026
No abstract
- Drug-induced changes in connectivity to midbrain dopamine cells revealed by rabies monosynaptic tracingby Katrina Bartas on 15 Maggio 2026
Addictive drugs cause long-lasting changes in connectivity from inputs onto ventral tegmental area dopamine cells (VTA^(DA)) that contribute to drug-induced behavioral adaptations. However, it is not known which inputs are altered. Here, we used a rabies virus (RABV)-based mapping strategy to quantify RABV-labeled inputs to VTA cells after a single exposure to one of a variety of misused drugs - cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, morphine, and nicotine - and compared the relative global...
- Non-Medical Use of Prescription Stimulants in Australia: Prevalence, Sociodemographic and Substance Use Correlates From the 2022-2023 National Drug Strategy Household Surveyby Benjamin Johnson on 14 Maggio 2026
INTRODUCTION: Non-medical use of prescription stimulants is increasing globally, yet Australian population-level data on its prevalence and associated sociodemographic and substance use correlates remain limited.
- Ketamine: an emerging epidemic in young people - implications for primary careby Megan Glover on 14 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: Rising ketamine use presents an emerging challenge for general practice. GPs must maintain a high index of suspicion when young patients present with urinary or abdominal symptoms. Compassionate, informed inquiry, routine screening, and tailored addiction pathways are key to early identification and harm reduction. Education, both for clinicians and young people, is critical to reverse this growing epidemic.
- Acute Vaginal Bleeding as the Initial Manifestation of Multifactorial Thrombocytopenia: A Case Reportby Alireza Izadian Bidgoli on 13 Maggio 2026
Thrombocytopenia is a common hematologic abnormality with a broad differential diagnosis, often requiring careful evaluation to identify overlapping and potentially reversible etiologies. Medication-induced thrombocytopenia is well recognized, particularly with valproic acid, while substance use such as cocaine may further exacerbate bleeding through platelet dysfunction and vascular effects. We present the case of a 39-year-old woman with a history of seizure disorder treated with valproic acid...
- Motivation, attention, and uncertainty: insights from animal and human research and implications for addictionby Michelle Heck on 15 Maggio 2026
Motivational and attentional processes jointly determine how environmental cues influence behavior. Reward-predictive cues can acquire incentive salience, automatically capturing attention and eliciting approach responses even in the absence of deliberate intention, a phenomenon central to both adaptive behavior and certain forms of psychopathology. This review integrates animal and human evidence to examine how cue-triggered motivation and attention interact, and how these interactions are...
- Probing the Biological Plausibility of Fluoride as an Endocrine Disruptorby Ashley M Mudd on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: Together, the results from this series of experiments demonstrate an absence of effects of fluoride on endocrine disruption targets at concentrations comparable to or in excess of exposures reported in the literature to be associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes and other effects.
- Problematic Alcohol Use and Decision-Making in High-Functioning Young Adults: roles of Fluid Intelligence, Risk Perception and Sexby Nicolás Guillermo González on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: These findings provide novel evidence that even non-clinical problematic alcohol use is associated with disadvantageous decision-making in high-functioning young adults, particularly in men.
- The development of a model of care to reduce waiting times in outpatient musculoskeletal clinics: a multi-methods studyby Andrew R Gamble on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: We developed a model of care for musculoskeletal conditions allowing physiotherapists to identify patients who can be managed with less resources (e.g. brief telephone call, App-based exercises) and those who require clinic-based care. An adequately-powered RCT evaluating our model is underway.
- Machine-Learning-Based Prediction of Long-Term Efficacy of Nemolizumab: Post Hoc Analysis of Pooled Data from Two Phase III Clinical Trialsby Makoto Kawashima on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: Machine-learning identified straightforward and clinically applicable predictors of long-term nemolizumab efficacy in patients who did not have early VAS improvement. These findings may support decision-making for treatment continuation beyond week 16.
- Efficacy and Safety of Psychoactive Tryptamines in Addiction: A Systematic Reviewby Pim B van der Meer on 14 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: Studies assessing the efficacy of psychoactive tryptamines other than psilocybin and ibogaine in addiction are scarce and show limited evidence for effectiveness in the treatment of addictive disorders.
- Longitudinal Swallowing and Salivary Changes With CLR 131 and Re-Irradiation in Recurrent Head and Neck Cancerby Jenni Wu on 16 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that CLR 131 + EBRT did not exacerbate objective swallowing impairment in the early post-treatment period, but patient-reported dysphagia was sensitive to post-treatment salivary alterations. Integrating salivary assessments with instrumental and patient-reported outcomes may enhance detection of functional toxicity and guide targeted dysphagia management in recurrent HNC.
- "We're on the journey now together": a qualitative examination of "close others'" perspectives on barriers and facilitators to help-seeking for eating disordersby Jessica Wilkins on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate that broadly defined social networks can play an active role in supporting individuals to seek help for EDs. These findings should be interpreted with caution given that the sample was predominantly White and largely comprised individuals with experience of AN. Interventions aimed at improving help-seeking for ED should draw on social support networks as one way of improving access to treatment. Inclusive service models, which involve close...
- Examining the Relationship Between Early Feeding Difficulties and Language Development: A Longitudinal Studyby Simone Poulin on 15 Maggio 2026
Increasing evidence suggests that interactive feeding is an important variable in language development, with early disruptions in feeding potentially having long-term consequences. This longitudinal experiment characterized early patterns of feeding difficulties and language development in full-term, typically-developing infants across the developmental milestones of 8, 12, 18, 24, and 54 months. Parent-directed assessments were used to assess feeding difficulties and language abilities between...
- Chronic Inflammation (A Silent Killer) - Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Approachesby Rishikesh Singh on 15 Maggio 2026
Chronic inflammation is a dysregulated and persistent immune response that underlies numerous serious health conditions, like heart problems, diabetes, nerve damage, cancer, or conditions where the body attacks itself. Recently, scientists have gained a better understanding of how molecules such as cytokines and chemokines, along with dysregulated immune cells, contribute to excessive oxidative stress and impaired healing processes. New tools now help identify this condition as early as possible...
- Family Therapy for Anorexia Nervosa With Emerging Adults: A Retrospective Case Series in Routine Clinical Careby D Nursigadoo on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: This case series provides preliminary evidence for the applicability of adapted FT-AN for emerging adults with anorexia nervosa. Further studies, under more controlled conditions, are needed to establish its efficacy and identify optimal treatment adaptations for this population.
- Real-world comprehensive care of people living with schizophrenia: recommendations across different settings and clinical stagesby Paolo Fusar-Poli on 15 Maggio 2026
The clinical management of a complex disorder such as schizophrenia remains a significant challenge worldwide. This disorder requires a comprehensive, integrated and personalized care that blends multiple approaches, and the real-world availability of multiple resources. We present here the first recommendations addressing the real-world comprehensive care for people with schizophrenia-spectrum psychoses across different approaches, clinical stages, and levels of available resources. The...
- Moderators and predictors of treatment outcome for OCD: A comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy Exposure Response Prevention to Acceptance and Commitment Therapyby Sara Kerstine Kaya Nielsen on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: These findings were contrary to our hypotheses and underline the importance of investigating the active mechanisms of ACT. Additionally, group therapeutic alliance predicted and moderated treatment outcomes across both interventions.
- Psychotic vulnerability in pediatric OCD: associations with neurocognitive functioningby Omca Guney on 15 Maggio 2026
Although psychotic vulnerability features may accompany obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in children and adolescents, the neurocognitive characteristics of this clinical presentation remain insufficiently understood. This study examined whether psychotic vulnerability is associated with neurocognitive functioning in pediatric OCD. The sample comprised 112 children and adolescents with DSM-5 OCD and 30 healthy controls. Based on positive symptom ratings on the Structured Interview for...
- Altered circuit functional connectivity and associated neural mechanisms of childhood trauma in obsessive-compulsive disorderby Xin Wan on 15 Maggio 2026
Childhood trauma (CT) has been strongly linked to the course of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), yet the manner in which CT interacts with OCD-related alterations in brain functional connectivity remains unclear. In this study, sixty-six patients with OCD and fifty healthy control participants underwent comprehensive clinical assessments and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants were further categorized according to exposure to childhood trauma, and functional...
- The relationship between interoception and anxiety, stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders in adult clinical populations - A systematic review and narrative synthesisby Lucy Snell on 15 Maggio 2026
Interoception, defined as the perception of internal bodily states, has emerged as a key mechanism implicated in the development and maintenance of anxiety-related disorders. This systematic review synthesises evidence on the relationship between interoception and anxiety in adult clinical populations, with a specific focus on how distinct interoceptive dimensions (i.e., accuracy, attention, and beliefs) relate to different anxiety, stress and obsessive-compulsive presentations. A systematic...
- Remembering what you did: episodic memory for self-actionsby Matan Mazor on 15 Maggio 2026
Episodic memory stores not only passively experienced events, but also one's own past actions and decisions. Despite their critical role for learning about the world and about the self, little is known about how such memories for self-actions are stored and retrieved. We argue that memory for self-actions plays three key roles in the cognitive economy: it scaffolds memory for environmental events, enables learning from delayed feedback, and allows individuals to learn about their own abilities...
- The effects of exercise on obsessive-compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysisby Juhui Deng on 14 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: Exercise may benefit OCD symptoms; however, randomized controlled trials showed no significant effect, and single-group findings should be interpreted as supportive evidence. For bipolar disorder, no significant effect was found for depressive symptoms, while a potential effect on manic symptoms cannot be excluded. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed. These findings provide preliminary evidence for exercise-based adjunctive interventions.
- Somatic symptoms and sensory dysregulation are central to the clinical presentation of PTSDby Bessel A van der Kolk on 15 Maggio 2026
No abstract
- Occupational outcomes of posttraumatic stress disorder residential treatment in active duty service members: Predictors of military separationby Juan Diego Vera on 15 Maggio 2026
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) significantly impacts active duty service members, posing challenges to both individual well-being and military readiness. This study examined the long-term outcomes of a residential PTSD treatment program, focusing on the association between symptom change and military separation. Participants were 282 active duty service members diagnosed with PTSD. PTSD symptom severity was assessed weekly using the PTSD Checklist-Military version (PCL-M). Military...
- Risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and suicide attempt in people with anxiety and stress-related disorders: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of 165 studiesby Elias Wagner on 15 Maggio 2026
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health conditions worldwide. While their burden in terms of excess mortality is known to be high, a quantitative systematic evaluation of all-cause and cause-specific mortality and suicide attempt risks in people with anxiety or stress-related disorders is lacking. We performed a systematic review and random effects meta-analysis, in which co-primary outcomes were risk ratios (RRs) for all-cause and suicide-related mortality, and secondary outcomes...
- The typology of common psychiatric disorders as depicted by genetic maps: a study based on Swedish population-based registersby Kenneth S Kendler on 15 Maggio 2026
We sought to clarify the inter-relationships among a range of psychiatric and substance use disorders by employing two-dimensional genetic maps, with axes defined by family genetic risk for major depression (MD) and drug use disorder (DUD). Using comprehensive Swedish national register data, we located cases of 12 disorders within this space and examined how their genetic risk profiles varied as a function of sex, age at onset, and level of recurrence. Disorders segregated robustly into two...
- Pediatric Intensive Care-Associated Parental Traumatic Stressors by Parent Report: Beyond the First Yearby Mekela Whyte-Nesfield on 15 Maggio 2026
Prospective longitudinal mixed methods cohort study of parents' recollection of stress-invoking events during their child's pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. Respectively, 234, 190, and 71 parents of 188 children were assessed at PICU discharge, 3 to 9 months, and 18 to 30 months postdischarge, with substantial attrition observed at the final follow-up timepoint. Parental responses were analyzed using content analysis methodology and consensus coding. Scores of parental...
- Network structure analysis of post-traumatic stress and depressive symptoms among college students: identification of central and bridge symptomsby Yongtao Yan on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: Nervousness/exaggerated startle response and involuntary recall are central symptoms in the post-traumatic stress-depression network among college students, while trauma-related dreams, irritability, and emotional fluctuations serve as key bridge symptoms connecting the two disorders. Clinical interventions should prioritize these hub symptoms to maximize treatment efficacy and disrupt cross-diagnostic symptom connectivity.
- Reduced alpha-band phase coherence and cortical complexity in fibromyalgia: A tms-eeg exploratory studyby Anne Jakobsen on 3 Marzo 2026
CONCLUSION: Individuals with fibromyalgia have abnormal cortical connectivity compared with asymptomatic controls.
- Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Symptoms and Brain Imaging in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trialby Laura Ackermann on 30 Agosto 2025
CONCLUSIONS: While these results may be due to small sample size and short treatment duration, the findings of increased FA after active rTMS and higher functional connectivity between DLPFC and cerebellum in responders should be further explored.
- Guidelines on Treating Fibromyalgia With Nonpharmacological Therapies in Chinaby Xuanlin Li on 11 Giugno 2025
Fibromyalgia is a prevalent chronic condition marked by widespread pain, fatigue, and other debilitating symptoms. This guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for nonpharmacological treatments, developed by a multidisciplinary expert group, including specialists in rheumatology, rehabilitation, pain management, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and evidence-based medicine. The guideline follows the RIGHT checklist and is registered with the International Practice Guideline Registry...
- Disruptive compensatory mechanisms in fibromyalgia syndrome and their association with pharmacological agentsby Fernanda M Q Silva on 5 Ottobre 2024
Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic disorder characterized commonly by widespread musculoskeletal pain and fatigue, predominantly affecting women, with its complexity often leading to underdiagnosis and complicating treatment effectiveness. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) metrics are potential markers to optimize FMS treatments; however, evidence is limited. Our study aimed to explore the relationship between cortical excitability and inhibition, assessed through TMS markers, and...
- The Impact of Obesity as a Peripheral Disruptor of Brain Inhibitory Mechanisms in Fibromyalgia: A Cross-Sectional Studyby Walter Fabris-Moraes on 13 Luglio 2024
Background/Objective: Obesity, characterized by chronic inflammation, may serve as a surrogate marker for more dysfunctional peripheral inflammation, potentially exacerbating FM symptomatology. Given this premise, this study aimed to investigate the effects of obesity as an effect modifier on neural and clinical variables, specifically those indexing pain-compensatory mechanisms in FM symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 108 participants who underwent a standardized TMS...
- No add-on therapeutic benefit of at-home anodal tDCS of the primary motor cortex to mindfulness meditation in patients with fibromyalgiaby Perianen Ramasawmy on 20 Giugno 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate no synergistic or add-on efffect of anodal tDCS of the left M1 compared to the proper effect of MM in patients with fibromyalgia.
- The effects of rTMS over orbitofrontal cortex on cognitive functions in first-episode schizophreniaby Qiang Hu on 28 Aprile 2026
CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that right OFC rTMS improves specific cognitive functions in FES, with cognitive benefits associated with symptom alleviation, supporting the right OFC as a promising target for cognitive intervention in FES.
- Efficacy of 5-Hz Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Improving Cognitive Function During the Recovery Phase of Strokeby Hui-Xian Yu on 15 Aprile 2026
CONCLUSION: High-frequency (5 Hz) TMS applied to the left DLPFC significantly enhances overall cognitive functioning in patients who are recovering from strokes. Interestingly, we found that when 5-Hz TMS was applied to the left DLPFC, its effects were similar regardless of whether the lesion was ipsilateral to the stimulation site or not.
- Spatially resolved EEG reveals theta-band network modulation following iTBS in aging and mild cognitive impairmentby Lawrence R Frank on 13 Aprile 2026
Neuromodulation shows promise as a general strategy for non-pharmacological intervention in a range of psychiatric and neurodegenerative brain disorders. Two major challenges in making neuromodulation methods clinically viable are (1) Assessing brain network changes induced by the stimulation, and (2) Optimizing stimulation protocols by adjusting the locations and spectral content of the stimulation. Spatially resolved electroencephalography (EEG) provides solutions to both by characterizing...
- The Use of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Techniques in Subjects with Parkinson's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Reviewby Davide Mazzara on 27 Marzo 2026
Background/Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and significantly impacts quality of life. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have emerged as potential therapeutic interventions. This systematic review analyzes the current evidence regarding the efficacy of Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) on cognitive domains in patients with PD-MCI. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across...
- Baseline Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Predicting Long-Term Cognitive Decline in Transient Ischemic Attack Patientsby Paula Roesen on 26 Marzo 2026
CONCLUSION: CSVD imaging markers are present in over half of TIA patients and are independently associated with cognitive decline up to 3 years, with the strongest effect on memory. Whether the presence of CMBs is the strongest predictive imaging biomarker of cognitive decline in TIA patients requires confirmation in further studies.
- EEG Oscillations and the Modulation of tES and TMS in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairmentby Sheng Hu on 25 Marzo 2026
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by objective cognitive decline that does not severely impact daily independence. This clinical stage may stem from various underlying causes, including Alzheimer's disease pathology. MCI provides a valuable opportunity to study interventions that could slow cognitive decline. Individuals with MCI show alterations in neural oscillations linked to cognitive impairment. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, including transcranial magnetic...
- Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric comorbidities in children with epilepsyby Maria Hafström on 16 Maggio 2026
AIM: To determine the prevalence of neurodevelopmental, psychiatric, and sleep comorbidities, and combined comorbidities among children with 'active' epilepsy.
- Wearable Movement-Tracking for Prodromal Parkinson's Disease Detection: A Cross-Country Validation Studyby Fabian Kahl on 16 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: Models trained on UK Biobank data may capture early clinical disease rather than universal prodromal markers. Prospective validation in well-characterized cohorts is essential before clinical translation. © 2026 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
- Sleep and circadian disruption reshape immune homeostasis in oral tissues: mechanistic roles of melatonin and cortisol in periodontal disease and xerostomiaby Mu-Hsin Chen on 15 Maggio 2026
Sleep disturbance has emerged as a major modifier of immune homeostasis in chronic inflammatory diseases, yet its immunological relevance to oral tissues remains incompletely integrated. Accumulating evidence indicates that sleep and oral inflammatory diseases are linked through coordinated neuroendocrine-immune pathways, with melatonin and cortisol constituting a central circadian hormonal axis that shapes immune balance. Melatonin, predominantly secreted during the nocturnal phase, exerts...
- Postpartum Sleep Quality and Early Blood Pressure Levels After Cesarean Delivery in Women with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Studyby Yuyang Liu on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: Early postpartum sleep quality was independently associated with continuous blood pressure levels but not with categorical blood pressure control in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy after cesarean delivery. These findings support the relevance of sleep assessment in relation to postpartum blood pressure burden, whereas associations with categorical blood pressure control require confirmation in larger studies.
- Modafinil-associated psychosis: a systematic review of case characteristics and management strategiesby Yutaro Sato on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: Modafinil-associated psychosis can develop across wide diagnostic and age ranges, and sometimes even at therapeutic doses. Although the potential risk factors remain unclear, caution should be exercised regarding the drug's use at high doses, in patients with comorbid psychiatric conditions, and in cases of off-label usage for cognitive enhancement. Long-term follow-up is necessary to monitor outcomes and transition to schizophrenia. Further research is needed to identify the...
- Sleep Deprivation Inhibits CD8(+) T Cell Function by Elevating Galectin-9 Expression in Colorectal Cancer Cellsby Li Siwei on 15 Maggio 2026
Sleep disturbance is thought to impair immune regulation and reduce the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade, but the mechanisms in colorectal cancer are not well defined. This study investigated how recurrent sleep deprivation influences colon cancer progression and immune responses, with particular attention to the role of Galectin-9. A murine CT26 colon carcinoma model was established to examine tumor growth dynamics and host immune responses under...
- Kleine-Levin Syndrome Accompanied With Complex Headache:Report of One Caseby Li Zhang on 15 Maggio 2026
Kleine-Levin syndrome is an extremely rare sleep disorder.In addition to recurrent daytime sleepiness,symptoms such as overeating,hypersexuality,cognitive impairment,and mental and behavioral abnormalities usually occur.Hypothalamic dysfunction may be the underlying pathogenesis.Cases with headache are rare.We reported a case of Kleine-Levin syndrome with headache symptoms during narcolepsy,and his headache was characterized by both migraine and cluster headache.It is hypothesized that...
- A comprehensive analysis of the adverse drug events of metastatic and unresectable gastrointestinal stromal tumor treatment options: avapritinib, imatinib, regorafenib, ripretinib, and sunitinib safety insights and implicationsby Cameron M Thompson on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: The FAERS database revealed multiorgan AEs associated with five GIST treatment medications. Novel findings include eye/facial and peripheral edema with avapritinib, palmar-plantar erythrodyesthesia syndrome, headache/migraine, and gait abnormalities across all five medications, pancytopenia with imatinib, and hemorrhage with imatinib and sunitinib.
- Sex-specific considerations in migraine therapyby Eloisa Rubio-Beltran on 15 Maggio 2026
Migraine is a highly prevalent and disabling neurovascular disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of moderate to severe headache, often accompanied by nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia. A prominent feature of migraine is its disproportionate burden on women, as evidenced by a higher prevalence, frequency and disability, relative to men. These differences are largely attributed to the modulatory effects of sex hormones on migraine pathophysiology. While the cyclic fluctuations of...
- Impaired glymphatic function and advanced brain age gap in chronic migraine: a multimodal MRI studyby Chenyu Dai on 14 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: Altered higher-order network BOLD-CSF coupling may represent a relevant imaging feature of migraine chronification. BOLD-CSF coupling was associated with interindividual differences in the relationship between migraine-related disability and BAG, independent of sleep quality. These findings support the potential relevance of glymphatic-related physiological processes in chronic migraine.
- Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) in migraine: association with disease subtypes and clinical characteristicsby Nimet Ucaroglu Can on 14 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: EASIX levels were higher in patients with migraine with aura compared to healthy controls, suggesting a potential association between endothelial stress and this migraine subtype. However, its discriminative performance was limited, and EASIX should be considered as an exploratory biomarker rather than a diagnostic tool. Further prospective studies are warranted to clarify its clinical relevance.
- Screening and functional validation of key genes in Helicobacter Pylori-induced macrophage M1 polarization: role in migraine-associated functional dyspepsiaby Nengjin Sun on 14 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection may promote migraine and functional dyspepsia through gastric inflammation and neuroimmune signaling. This process involves four key genes-PNOC, ICAM1, MMP9, and NFE2L1-that regulate M1 macrophage polarization and pro-inflammatory responses. Among them, PNOC appears to link gastric inflammation to neurological symptoms by modulating neuronal CGRP. Together, these findings point to gut-brain axis involvement in this comorbidity and may inform future therapies...
- Longitudinal Swallowing and Salivary Changes With CLR 131 and Re-Irradiation in Recurrent Head and Neck Cancerby Jenni Wu on 16 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that CLR 131 + EBRT did not exacerbate objective swallowing impairment in the early post-treatment period, but patient-reported dysphagia was sensitive to post-treatment salivary alterations. Integrating salivary assessments with instrumental and patient-reported outcomes may enhance detection of functional toxicity and guide targeted dysphagia management in recurrent HNC.
- "We're on the journey now together": a qualitative examination of "close others'" perspectives on barriers and facilitators to help-seeking for eating disordersby Jessica Wilkins on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate that broadly defined social networks can play an active role in supporting individuals to seek help for EDs. These findings should be interpreted with caution given that the sample was predominantly White and largely comprised individuals with experience of AN. Interventions aimed at improving help-seeking for ED should draw on social support networks as one way of improving access to treatment. Inclusive service models, which involve close...
- Examining the Relationship Between Early Feeding Difficulties and Language Development: A Longitudinal Studyby Simone Poulin on 15 Maggio 2026
Increasing evidence suggests that interactive feeding is an important variable in language development, with early disruptions in feeding potentially having long-term consequences. This longitudinal experiment characterized early patterns of feeding difficulties and language development in full-term, typically-developing infants across the developmental milestones of 8, 12, 18, 24, and 54 months. Parent-directed assessments were used to assess feeding difficulties and language abilities between...
- Chronic Inflammation (A Silent Killer) - Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Approachesby Rishikesh Singh on 15 Maggio 2026
Chronic inflammation is a dysregulated and persistent immune response that underlies numerous serious health conditions, like heart problems, diabetes, nerve damage, cancer, or conditions where the body attacks itself. Recently, scientists have gained a better understanding of how molecules such as cytokines and chemokines, along with dysregulated immune cells, contribute to excessive oxidative stress and impaired healing processes. New tools now help identify this condition as early as possible...
- Family Therapy for Anorexia Nervosa With Emerging Adults: A Retrospective Case Series in Routine Clinical Careby D Nursigadoo on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: This case series provides preliminary evidence for the applicability of adapted FT-AN for emerging adults with anorexia nervosa. Further studies, under more controlled conditions, are needed to establish its efficacy and identify optimal treatment adaptations for this population.
- Real-world comprehensive care of people living with schizophrenia: recommendations across different settings and clinical stagesby Paolo Fusar-Poli on 15 Maggio 2026
The clinical management of a complex disorder such as schizophrenia remains a significant challenge worldwide. This disorder requires a comprehensive, integrated and personalized care that blends multiple approaches, and the real-world availability of multiple resources. We present here the first recommendations addressing the real-world comprehensive care for people with schizophrenia-spectrum psychoses across different approaches, clinical stages, and levels of available resources. The...
- Exploring the context, mechanisms, and outcomes of school-based group interpersonal therapy for depressed adolescents in Nepal: Analysis of qualitative process data from a pilot realist cluster-randomized controlled trialby Cemile Ceren Sönmez on 16 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: Findings align with previous work and suggest different mechanisms might be at play for different groups. The refined CMOCs will be quantitatively tested in a forthcoming phase 3 realist RCT.
- Development of cognitive remediation interventions for people living with HIV in South Africa: participant experiences of adapted CogSMART and BrainHQ( ) programsby Nawal Mohamad on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: The findings provide support for using societal and cultural knowledge in creating effective community-based interventions. Using a collaborative approach to co-design the program offered participants opportunities to reflect on identity beyond the intervention and in relation to broader community positionality. This study highlights the value of including participants as co-contributors to the development of CRT programs that are linguistically, culturally, and situationally...
- Advancing AADC deficiency therapy through MR-guided multisite delivery of AAV2-hAADC to dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways in the brainstemby Lluis Samaranch on 15 Maggio 2026
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare and often devastating neurometabolic disorder characterized by impaired synthesis of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. Affected children present with severe developmental delays, motor dysfunction, autonomic instability, and behavioral symptoms, and current treatments remain largely supportive. Current gene therapy trials for AADC deficiency have demonstrated the safety and tolerability of bilateral AAV2-hAADC infusion into...
- The significance of personality disorder and traits in short-term psychodynamic and cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressionby Theresa Wilberg on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that co-occurring mild to moderate personality pathology should not be a barrier to standard psychotherapies for patients with depression. More studies are needed to investigate whether type and complexity of personality pathology differentially affect short- and longer-term outcomes of different psychotherapies for depressed patients.
- Effectiveness of Workplace-Based Tobacco Awareness Interventions on Quit Readiness Among Bus Drivers: A Randomized Comparative Pilot Trialby Gagan Raj on 15 Maggio 2026
Introduction Tobacco use significantly contributes to the occurrence of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, preventing tobacco use is very important to reduce these health risks. Groups that have jobs (such as bus drivers) have increased susceptibility to tobacco use based on extended work hours, workplace-related stress, sedentary job activities, and social peer pressure, all of which can increase the likelihood of tobacco use. Tobacco education programs that are located at the workplace...
- Moderators and predictors of treatment outcome for OCD: A comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy Exposure Response Prevention to Acceptance and Commitment Therapyby Sara Kerstine Kaya Nielsen on 15 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: These findings were contrary to our hypotheses and underline the importance of investigating the active mechanisms of ACT. Additionally, group therapeutic alliance predicted and moderated treatment outcomes across both interventions.
- Improvement in nasal signs and eosinophils following 3 years of sublingual immunotherapy for allergic rhinitisby Beina Liu on 14 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: Three years of SLIT treatment effectively improved symptoms of HDM-induced allergic rhinitis, significantly reduced signs of nasal mucosal inflammation, and decreased peripheral blood eosinophil counts.
- A meta-analysis suggests that TMS targeting the hippocampal network selectively improves episodic memoryby Elena Badillo Goicoechea on 14 Maggio 2026
Episodic memory is critically dependent on the hippocampal network and is frequently impaired in many clinical disorders. Recent findings highlight Hippocampal Indirectly Targeted Stimulation (HITS) as a promising, network-guided non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) procedure to enhance episodic memory performance. Here, we report the first comprehensive meta-analysis of HITS effects on episodic memory, encompassing both healthy individuals and clinical populations. HITS using...
- Accelerating the therapeutic effects of non-invasive brain stimulation: A Neuroscience School of Advanced Studies (NSAS) challenge workshopby Joseph J Taylor on 14 Maggio 2026
BACKGROUND: Noninvasive brain stimulation is typically delivered once daily, but accelerated protocols delivering multiple daily treatments have re-emerged to shorten time to clinical improvement.
- Assessing the efficacy and safety of transcranial magnetic stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy: A systematic reviewby Dhvanit Rajdeep on 12 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: Evidence reported that both TMS and VNS greatly improve seizure control in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, potentially enhancing quality of life and reducing seizure frequency. A large amount of our findings support the integration of neuromodulation techniques into future treatment regimens for drug-resistant epilepsy, which might be accompanied by calls for future clinical trials.
- Taste-masked tilmicosin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers at pilot scale for improved bioavailability and enhanced efficacy against Salmonella infection in swineby Jiahao Gong on 11 Maggio 2026
Salmonellosis remains one of the most prevalent bacterial enteric diseases in swine production worldwide. Tilmicosin (TMS) is widely used in swine bacterial infections, but its oral application is limited by gastric degradation and intense bitterness, reducing bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This study aimed to develop and evaluate pilot-scale TMS-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (TMS@NLCs) to overcome these obstacles. Herein, TMS@NLCs were fabricated at 100-L scale via...
- Examining adverse effects in a large clinical trial of rTMS application as a treatment for Alzheimer's diseaseby Maria Anabel Uehara on 9 Maggio 2026
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study are a step toward understanding how researchers can minimize such adverse effects, and thereby, create a less aversive experience for rTMS participants.
