AGGIORNAMENTO SCIENTIFICO IN TEMPO REALE FORNITO DA:
- Single-Subject TMS Pulse Visualization on MRI-Based Brain Model: A precise method for mapping TMS pulses on cortical surfaceby Nikolay Syrov on 9 Giugno 2023
Highly accurate visualization of the points of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) application on the brain cortical surface could provide anatomy-specific analysis of TMS effects. TMS is widely used to activate cortical areas with high spatial resolution, and neuronavigation enables site-specific TMS of particular gyrus sites. Precise control of TMS application points is crucial in determining the stimulation effects. Here, we propose a method that gives an opportunity to visualize and...
- Muscle Coordination Matters: Insights into Motor Planning using Corticospinal Responses during Functional Reachingby Thomas E Augenstein on 9 Giugno 2023
The central nervous system (CNS) moves the human body by forming a plan in the primary motor cortex and then executing this plan by activating the relevant muscles. It is possible to study motor planning by using noninvasive brain stimulation techniques to stimulate the motor cortex prior to a movement and examine the evoked responses. Studying the motor planning process can reveal useful information about the CNS, but previous studies have generally been limited to single degree of freedom...
- Distinct frequencies balance segregation with interaction between different memory types within a prefrontal circuitby Martina Bracco on 3 Giugno 2023
Once formed, the fate of memory is uncertain. Subsequent offline interactions between even different memory types (actions versus words) modify retention.¹^(,)²^(,)³^(,)⁴^(,)⁵^(,)⁶ These interactions may occur due to different oscillations functionally linking together different memory types within a circuit.⁷^(,)⁸^(,)⁹^(,)^(10)^(,)^(11)^(,)^(12)^(,)^(13) With memory processing driving the circuit, it may become less susceptible to external influences.^(14) We tested this prediction by...
- Application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Electroencephalography in the Evaluation of Brain Function Changes after Strokeby Linhong Mo on 2 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSIONS: For patients with different injury types, degrees of injury, and different onset periods, individualized intervention methods should be adopted. The evaluation methods should be as diverse as possible, and the rehabilitation effects of patients should be assessed from multiple perspectives to avoid the limitations of single factors. Possible mechanism: After brain injury, the nervous system can change its structure and function through different ways and maintain it for a certain...
- Evaluation of Relationships between Corticospinal Excitability and Somatosensory Deficits in the Acute and Subacute Phases of Strokeby Zhongming Gao on 31 Maggio 2023
CONCLUSIONS: In well-recovered patients, an increased MEP ratio between the ipsilesional and contralesional motor cortex could be an indicator of improved somatosensory functioning following stroke.
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with increased electroencephalographic (EEG) delta and theta oscillatory power but reduced delta connectivityby M Prabhavi N Perera on 28 Maggio 2023
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition causing significant decline in the quality of life of sufferers and the limited knowledge on the pathophysiology hinders successful treatment. The aim of the current study was to examine electroencephalographic (EEG) findings of OCD to broaden our understanding of the disease. Resting-state eyes-closed EEG data was recorded from 25 individuals with OCD and 27 healthy controls (HC). The 1/f arrhythmic activity was removed prior to...
- Preclinical orofacial pain assays and measures and chronic primary orofacial pain research: where we are and where we need to goby Shirin Sadighparvar on 9 Giugno 2023
Chronic primary orofacial pain (OFP) conditions such as painful temporomandibular disorders (pTMDs; i.e., myofascial pain and arthralgia), idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and burning mouth syndrome (BMS) are seemingly idiopathic, but evidence support complex and multifactorial etiology and pathophysiology. Important fragments of this complex array of factors have been identified over the years largely with the help of preclinical studies. However, findings have yet to translate into better...
- Upper limb and lower limb radiofrequency treatments in orthopaedicsby E Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán on 8 Giugno 2023
Radiofrequency (RF) is a minimally invasive technique for disrupting or altering nociceptive pathways to treat musculoskeletal neuropathic and nociplastic pain. RF has been employed to treat painful shoulder, lateral epicondylitis, knee and hip osteoarthritis, chronic knee pain, Perthes disease, greater trochanteric pain syndrome, plantar fasciitis, and painful stump neuromas; it has also been employed before and after painful total knee arthroplasty and after anterior cruciate ligament...
- Oxycodone withdrawal induces HDAC1/HDAC2-dependent transcriptional maladaptations in the reward pathway in a mouse model of peripheral nerve injuryby Kerri D Pryce on 8 Giugno 2023
The development of physical dependence and addiction disorders due to misuse of opioid analgesics is a major concern with pain therapeutics. We developed a mouse model of oxycodone exposure and subsequent withdrawal in the presence or absence of chronic neuropathic pain. Oxycodone withdrawal alone triggered robust gene expression adaptations in the nucleus accumbens, medial prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area, with numerous genes and pathways selectively affected by oxycodone withdrawal...
- Atrial fibrillation induced by gabapentin: a case reportby Sung Hwan Park on 8 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: With rapidly increasing usage of gabapentin for approved and off-label indications, it is important to identify unintended adverse effects of this drug as they are considered safe alternatives to opioids. New-onset atrial fibrillation could be induced by gabapentin in young individuals.
- Potential sex differences in activation of pain-related brain regions in nonhuman primates with a unilateral spinal nerve ligationby Kanae Murata on 7 Giugno 2023
The lack of truly robust analgesics for chronic pain is owed, in part, to the lack of an animal model that reflects the clinical pain state and of a mechanism-based, objective neurological indicator of pain. The present study examined stimulus-evoked brain activation with functional magnetic resonance imaging in male and female cynomolgus macaques following unilateral L7 spinal nerve ligation and the effects of clinical analgesics pregabalin, duloxetine, and morphine on brain activation in these...
- Gut microbiota in chronic pain: Novel insights into mechanisms and promising therapeutic strategiesby Liping Liu on 6 Giugno 2023
Chronic pain remains one of the world's most persistent and unsolved clinical challenges that severely affect patients' quality of life. Presently, considering that the mechanisms underlying chronic pain are not fully understood, there is a lack of effective drugs and interventions to treat chronic pain in clinical practice. Therefore, exploring the pathogenic mechanism of chronic pain and establishing potential targets are the keys to treating chronic pain. Substantial evidence has indicated...
- Beyond Anxiety and Grief: Mapping the Emotional Landscape of Parents Facing a Childhood Cancer Diagnosisby Shanzeh Sheikh on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed substantial heterogeneity in emotional responses to a child's cancer diagnosis than previously recognized, with differences linked to both caregiver and child-related factors. These findings underscore the importance of developing responsive and effective programs to improve targeted support for caregivers from the time of diagnosis throughout a family's childhood cancer journey.
- Chronic stress triggers seeking of a starvation-like state in anxiety-prone female miceby Hakan Kucukdereli on 9 Giugno 2023
Elevated anxiety often precedes anorexia nervosa and persists after weight restoration. Patients with anorexia nervosa often describe hunger as pleasant, potentially because food restriction can be anxiolytic. Here, we tested whether chronic stress can cause animals to prefer a starvation-like state. We developed a virtual reality place preference paradigm in which head-fixed mice can voluntarily seek a starvation-like state induced by optogenetic stimulation of hypothalamic agouti-related...
- The impact of population screening for cardiovascular disease on quality of lifeby Rikke Søgaard on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: The often-claimed detrimental consequences of screening to HRQoL could not be generally confirmed. Amongst the screening events assessed, only two possible consequences were revealed: a reassurance effect after a negative screening test and a minor negative impact to emotional distress of being enrolled in surveillance that did not spill over to overall HRQoL.
- Neurobehavioral impairments predict specific cerebral damage in rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhageby Daniel G Lynch on 9 Giugno 2023
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe form of stroke that can cause unpredictable and diffuse cerebral damage, which is difficult to detect until it becomes irreversible. Therefore, there is a need for a reliable method to identify dysfunctional regions and initiate treatment before permanent damage occurs. Neurobehavioral assessments have been suggested as a possible tool to detect and approximately localize dysfunctional cerebral regions. In this study, we hypothesized that a...
- The prevalence and severity of fatigue in meningioma patients and its association with patient-, tumor- and treatment-related factorsby Kwong T Quach on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSIONS: Fatigue is a frequent problem in meningioma patients even many years after treatment. Both patient- and treatment-related factors were determinants of fatigue, with the treatment-related factors being the most likely target for intervention in this patient population.
- Perioperative pregabalin reduced fatigue scores after thoracoscopic pneumonectomy in a RCT of NSCLC patientsby Yue Zhao on 9 Giugno 2023
Postoperative fatigue is prevalent, but non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receive poor treatment after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The main objective of the present trial is to observe the anti-fatigue function of pregabalin in NSCLC patients after surgery. Patients requiring VATS pneumonectomy were randomized into two groups (n=33): the experimental and control groups. The results showed that the experimental group's Identity-Consequence Fatigue Scale (ICFS) scores on...
- The impact of population screening for cardiovascular disease on quality of lifeby Rikke Søgaard on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: The often-claimed detrimental consequences of screening to HRQoL could not be generally confirmed. Amongst the screening events assessed, only two possible consequences were revealed: a reassurance effect after a negative screening test and a minor negative impact to emotional distress of being enrolled in surveillance that did not spill over to overall HRQoL.
- ARCH: Large-scale Knowledge Graph via Aggregated Narrative Codified Health Records Analysisby Ziming Gan on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSIONS: The proposed ARCH algorithm generates large-scale high-quality semantic representations and knowledge graph for both codified and NLP EHR features, useful for a wide range of predictive modeling tasks.
- Cardiogenic shock and severe secondary mitral regurgitation successfully treated with transcatheter edge-to-edge repair: a case reportby Muhammad Asim Shabbir on 9 Giugno 2023
BACKGROUND: Cardiogenic shock (CS) associated with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) forebodes a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) is a rapidly evolving technique for severe MR in haemodynamically stable patients. However, the safety and efficacy of TEER for severe MR in CS are not well established.
- Perioperative pregabalin reduced fatigue scores after thoracoscopic pneumonectomy in a RCT of NSCLC patientsby Yue Zhao on 9 Giugno 2023
Postoperative fatigue is prevalent, but non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receive poor treatment after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). The main objective of the present trial is to observe the anti-fatigue function of pregabalin in NSCLC patients after surgery. Patients requiring VATS pneumonectomy were randomized into two groups (n=33): the experimental and control groups. The results showed that the experimental group's Identity-Consequence Fatigue Scale (ICFS) scores on...
- The comorbidity of somatic symptom and major depressive disorders in the times of COVID-19 lockdown in adolescence: A case-report studyby Najmeh Shahini on 9 Giugno 2023
Physical symptoms with normal clinical examinations have been reported without detectable structural or biochemical abnormalities in the comorbidity of somatic symptom disorder and major depressive disorder. This association can have a debilitating effect on their academic and social performance. This case report is about a 13-year-old Afghani immigrant boy with no previous psychiatric history who developed severe body pain leading to a disability during the COVID-19 lockdown and social...
- Gut microbiota decreased inflammation induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress through affecting NLRP3 inflammasomeby Li Huang on 9 Giugno 2023
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is associated with the development of depression, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between microbiota and NLRP3 inflammasome induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Fecal transplantation (FMT) experiment was conducted to elucidate the potential mechanism. Levels of NLRP3 inflammasome, microbiota, inflammatory factors and tight junction proteins were measured. CUMS stimulation...
- Clinicians' perceptions of family involvement in the treatment of persons with psychotic disorders: a nested qualitative studyby Lars Hestmark on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSIONS: The findings contribute to the understanding of the beneficial processes and outcomes of family involvement, as well as the critical role of the clinician in achieving these and possible challenges. They could also be used to inform future quantitative research on mediating factors and implementation efforts.
- Evaluation of the New England Office Based Addiction Treatment ECHO: A Tool for Strengthening the Addiction Workforceby Matthew R Heerema on 8 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSIONS: NE OBAT ECHO may have improved participants' confidence and satisfaction providing addiction care. ECHO is likely an effective educational tool for expanding the capacity of the addiction workforce.
- Expanded Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Adult Cannabis Use: A Latent Class Analysisby Douglas C Smith on 8 Giugno 2023
In addition to traditionally assessed abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) include adversities like racial discrimination, community violence, and bullying. Prior research established associations between the original ACEs and substance use, but few used Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to examine patterns of ACEs. Examining patterns of ACEs may yield additional insights beyond cumulative risk studies focusing only on the number of different ACEs...
- Transactional sex among women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysisby Gedefaye Nibret Mihretie on 8 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of transactional sex among women in sub-Saharan Africa was high. Alcohol consumption, substance abuse, early sex debuts, having a history of sexual experiences, physical violence, and sexual violence increased the practice of transactional sex.
- Correction to: Psychiatric Illness and Substance Abuse: Unaddressed Factors in Burn Injuryon 8 Giugno 2023
No abstract
- Potential neonatal toxicity of new psychoactive substancesby Ryoichi Fujiwara on 8 Giugno 2023
Cannabis, cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide are psychoactive substances with a significant increase in consumption during the 21st century due to their popularity in medicinal and recreational use. New psychoactive substances (NPSs) mimic established psychoactive substances. NPSs are known as being natural and safe to consumers; however, they are neither natural nor safe, causing severe adverse reactions, including seizures, nephrotoxicity, and sometimes...
- K v 7 Channel Opener Retigabine Reduces Self-Administration of Cocaine but Not Sucrose in Ratsby Esteban S Urena on 9 Giugno 2023
The increasing rates of drug misuse highlight the urgency of identifying improved therapeutics for treatment. Most drug-seeking behaviors that can be modeled in rodents utilize the repeated intravenous self-administration (SA) of drugs. Recent studies examining the mesolimbic pathway suggest that K (v) 7/KCNQ channels may contribute in the transition from recreational to chronic drug use. However, to date, all such studies used noncontingent, experimenter-delivered drug model systems, and the...
- Basolateral Amygdala Corticotrophin Releasing Factor Receptor 2 Interacts with Nonmuscle Myosin II to Destabilize Memoryby Madalyn Hafenbreidel on 9 Giugno 2023
Inhibiting the actin motor ATPase nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) with blebbistatin (Blebb) in the basolateral amgydala (BLA) depolymerizes actin, resulting in an immediate, retrieval-independent disruption of methamphetamine (METH)-associated memory. The effect is highly selective, as NMII inhibition has no effect in other relevant brain regions (e.g. dorsal hippocampus [dPHC], nucleus accumbens [NAc]), nor does it interfere with associations for other aversive or appetitive stimuli, including...
- Combined treatment with Sigma1R and A2AR agonists fails to inhibit cocaine self-administration despite causing strong antagonistic accumbal A2AR-D2R complex interactions: the potential role of astrocytesby Dasiel O Borroto-Escuela on 9 Giugno 2023
Previous studies have indicated that acute treatment with the monoamine stabilizer OSU-6162 (5 mg/kg), which has a high affinity for Sigma1R, significantly increased the density of accumbal shell D2R-Sigma1R and A2AR-D2R heteroreceptor complexes following cocaine self-administration. Ex vivo studies using the A2AR agonist CGS21680 also suggested the existence of enhanced antagonistic accumbal A2AR-D2R allosteric interactions after treatment with OSU-6162 during cocaine self-administration....
- Acute Cocaine Intoxication: An Approach to Severe Hepatic and Renal Dysfunctionsby Pedro Fernandes Moura on 8 Giugno 2023
Cocaine is a highly addictive substance. Its poisoning can lead to potentially fatal multi-organ dysfunction. We report a case of cocaine overdose with severe multi-organ dysfunction. A healthy 51-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room due to behaviour changes and seizure after inhaling crack. Multiple dysfunctions were developed, with emphasis on liver and kidney dysfunction, due to their severity. The patient had marked hepatic cytolysis with a peak on the third day with alanine...
- Potential neonatal toxicity of new psychoactive substancesby Ryoichi Fujiwara on 8 Giugno 2023
Cannabis, cocaine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and lysergic acid diethylamide are psychoactive substances with a significant increase in consumption during the 21st century due to their popularity in medicinal and recreational use. New psychoactive substances (NPSs) mimic established psychoactive substances. NPSs are known as being natural and safe to consumers; however, they are neither natural nor safe, causing severe adverse reactions, including seizures, nephrotoxicity, and sometimes...
- An epigenetic synopsis of parental substance useby Jamie O Lo on 7 Giugno 2023
The rate of substance use is rising, especially among reproductive-age individuals. Emerging evidence suggests that paternal pre-conception and maternal prenatal substance use may alter offspring epigenetic regulation (changes to gene expression without modifying DNA) and outcomes later in life, including neurodevelopment and mental health. However, relatively little is known due to the complexities and limitations of existing studies, making causal interpretations challenging. This review...
- Comparing Harmful Behaviors Among Dancers According to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Utilizing the RISQby Joshua Honrado on 8 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSIONS: This study found significant difference in RISQ scores based on a dancer's SOGI. Harmful behaviors should be taken into consideration when working to improve dancer patient outcomes and quality of life.
- Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Practical Guidance and Challenges for Clinical Managementby Frank G Preston on 8 Giugno 2023
Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) is present in nearly a quarter of people with diabetes. It is estimated to affect over 100 million people worldwide. PDPN is associated with impaired daily functioning, depression, sleep disturbance, financial instability, and a decreased quality of life. Despite its high prevalence and significant health burden, it remains an underdiagnosed and undertreated condition. PDPN is a complex pain phenomenon with the experience of pain associated with and...
- Oral and inhalation bioaccessibility of mercury in contaminated soils and potential health risk to the kidneys and neurodevelopment of children in Taiwanby Ying-Lin Wang on 8 Giugno 2023
Health risk assessments of exposure to mercury (Hg) from soils via ingestion and inhalation are indispensable for Taiwanese people living in the vicinity of Hg-contaminated sites. In this study, anthropogenic soils were collected from various polluted sources in Taiwan. In vitro oral and inhalation bioaccessible fractions of Hg were analyzed to avoid from overestimating the exposure risk. Discrepancies in oral and inhalation bioaccessible levels of Hg in soils were found using different in vitro...
- Choice of end-state comfort is dependent upon the time spent at the beginning-state and the precision requirement of the end-stateby Breanna E Studenka on 8 Giugno 2023
Choice of posture while grasping an object typically depends upon several factors including the time spent in that posture, what postures were held prior to choosing that posture, and the precision required by the posture. The purpose of this study was to test choice of end-state thumb-up posture based on time spent at the beginning-state and the precision requirement of the end-state. To determine choice of thumb-up based on time or precision, we varied how long a subject had to hold the...
- Young male athletes at risk for problem gambling: Findings from a cross-sectional study in Swedenby Maria Vinberg on 7 Giugno 2023
Previous research has shown that male athletes at the elite level in Sweden have a higher proportion of gambling problems than the average male population in the country. However, there is a knowledge gap in the prevalence of gambling problems among young athletes. To address this gap, this study aimed to explore gambling behavior among young athletes and to examine the associations between individual and environmental factors and problem gambling. The cross-sectional survey comprised questions...
- Non-problem gamblers show the same cognitive distortions while playing slot machines as problem gamblers, with no loss of control and reduced reality control, though - An experimental study on gamblingby Róbert Krébesz on 7 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: The appearance of reality-checking uncertainty or loss of control can be alarming for the development of gambling. Losses and big wins can provoke different cognitive distortions, encouraging the person into further gambling behavior.
- Update on binge eating disorder: What general practitioners should knowby Tayla Donker on 9 Giugno 2023
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of eating disorders in Australia is increasing. Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most prevalent form of disordered eating. Many people with BED are overweight. This compounds the problem due to weight stigma and the typical conception of someone with an eating disorder being underweight, leading to the under-recognition of eating disorders in this population group.
- Covid-19 and adolescence: Clinical findings and psychopathological thoughts about some immediate or differed impactsby C Mille on 9 Giugno 2023
This pandemic has profoundly changed our lives for many months and its long-term consequences remain largely hypothetical. The containment measures, the threats to the health of relatives, the constraints limiting social openings have left no one indifferent, but may have particularly impeded "adolescent separation work". Most of adolescents have been able to deploy their adaptation capacities, while for others this exceptional situation has triggered stressful reactions for those around them....
- Associations Between Insomnia and Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Nutritional Intake After Involuntary Job Lossby Salma Batool-Anwar on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: Unemployed persons compared to those with sleep disorders differ in their consumption of major nutrients; the dietary composition of those with acute insomnia exhibited the greatest divergence. Additionally, the overall nutritional intake of recently unemployed persons is poor.
- Biopsy-proven Primary CNS Lymphoma in the Medulla Oblongata Presenting as Anorexiaby Takaharu Kawajiri on 9 Giugno 2023
Eating disorders caused by brain tumors are infrequently seen. Recent studies revealed that a neurocircuit from the nucleus tractus solitarius of the medulla oblongata to the hypothalamus participates in the control of appetite. Among brain tumors, those located in the brain stem, especially a solitary one in the medulla oblongata, are rare. Tumors in the brainstem are generally considered gliomas, and with the difficulty in reaching the lesion, treatment without histological confirmation is...
- Emotion regulation and disordered eating behaviour in youths: Two daily-diary studiesby Christine Dworschak on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underline the importance of examining regulation of both positive and negative emotion in order to understand eating disorder risk.
- Care pathways for longstanding eating disorders must offer paths to recovery, not managed declineby James Downs on 8 Giugno 2023
Eating disorders are historically underserved in healthcare, but are increasingly prevalent and recognised for their high costs regarding mortality, quality of life and the economy. Those with longstanding eating disorders are commonly labelled 'severe and enduring' (SEED), which has been challenged for its conceptual vagueness and potential to discourage patients. Attempts to define individuals from this cohort as having 'terminal' illness have also gained traction in recent years. This paper...
- The perceived long-term impact of COVID-19 on OCD symptomologyby Danielle Dennis on 9 Giugno 2023
A pandemic outbreak can lead to excessive, maladaptive levels of anxiety, particularly among individuals who already suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) provided a novel opportunity to examine the possibility that individuals with OCD, compared to those without OCD, might experience greater distress from this common stressor. The present study examined the lasting effects of COVID-19 in the year after the outbreak. Additionally, there is...
- Expected increase in health competence improves over modules of an unguided internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorderby Franziska Sophia Miegel on 8 Giugno 2023
Internet-based cognitive-behavioural interventions (iCBT) are a valuable alternative to face-to-face psychotherapy. An unguided iCBT program has shown to be efficacious for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the modules' mode of action is not well understood, which is the objective of the present study. Twenty-five patients with OCD who participated at the iCBT program for 8 weeks answered a questionnaire on their self-efficacy, motivation, expected increase in health...
- Cognitive Functions in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Its Relationship with Oxidative Metabolismby Fatma Tuygar Okutucu on 8 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSIONS: Cognition is affected by OCD and worsens with disorder severity. Considering oxidative parameters were meaningful in patients, oxidative metabolism may be a risk factor for OCD. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the effect of oxidative metabolism on cognitive functions.
- How to assess and analyse session-specific effects and predictors: An example with the Metacognitive Training for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder interventionby Franziska Miegel on 8 Giugno 2023
It is essential to understand the effects of specific therapy elements (i.e., mechanisms of change) to optimize the efficacy of available treatments. There are, however, existing challenges in the assessment and analysis of constructs of interest. The present study aims to improve research on the effects of specific therapy elements using the example of the Metacognitive Training for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (MCT-OCD) intervention. Specifically, we introduce an innovative analytical method...
- The journey from concealment to disclosure of an obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosis in the high school setting: A qualitative study exploring youth perspectivesby Tanisha I Vallani on 8 Giugno 2023
Disclosure of an OCD diagnosis in the high school setting could allow for timely provision of individualized school-based supports. As few studies have examined adolescent perspectives on the disclosure process in schools, we adopted a qualitative approach to explore this, and to gather recommendations for making disclosure of OCD at school safer and more helpful. Twelve participants, ranging from 13 to 17 years old, were recruited using maximum variance-based heterogeneous purposive sampling....
- Cerebellar Microstructural Abnormalities in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): a Systematic Review of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studiesby Parnian Shobeiri on 8 Giugno 2023
Previous neuroimaging studies have suggested that obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with altered resting-state functional connectivity of the cerebellum. In this study, we aimed to describe the most significant and reproducible microstructural abnormalities and cerebellar changes associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) investigations. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for relevant studies using the PRISMA 2020 protocol. A total of 17...
- Paraprofessional delivery of online narrative exposure therapy for firefightersby Janine V Olthuis on 9 Giugno 2023
Firefighters are at increased risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and face numerous barriers to accessing mental health care. Innovative ways to increase access to evidence-based interventions are needed. This study was a case series testing the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness of a paraprofessional-delivered, virtual narrative exposure therapy (eNET) intervention for PTSD. Participants were 21 firefighters who met the criteria for clinical or...
- Post-COVID-19 syndromeby David Montani on 9 Giugno 2023
In the aftermath of acute infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a large number of symptoms persist or appear, constituting a real syndrome called "long COVID-19" or "post-COVID- 19" or "post-acute COVID-19 syndrome". Its incidence is very high, half of patients showing at least one symptom at 4-6 months after Coronarovirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). They can affect many organs. The most common symptom is persistent fatigue, similar to that seen...
- DeepBiomarker2: Prediction of alcohol and substance use disorder risk in post-traumatic stress disorder patients using electronic medical records and multiple social determinants of healthby Oshin Miranda on 9 Giugno 2023
Prediction of high-risk events amongst patients with mental disorders is critical for personalized interventions. In our previous study, we developed a deep learning-based model, DeepBiomarker by utilizing electronic medical records (EMR) to predict the outcomes of patients with suicide-related events in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients. Methods We improved our deep learning model to develop DeepBiomarker2 through data integration of multimodal information: lab tests, medication...
- Examining the Relationship Between Trauma, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Psychosis in Patients in a UK Secondary Care Serviceby David Martin on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSIONS: PTSD is common in and often pre-dates onset of psychosis. Most patients believe their symptoms and traumas are related and would be interested in trauma-focused therapy if available. Studies evaluating the effectiveness of trauma-focused therapies for those with or at high-risk of psychosis are required.
- A Qualitative Exploration of the Use of Service Dogs in Veterans with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Traumatic Brain Injuryby Jennifer J Shiroff on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the benefits of using a SD as a tertiary treatment for PTSD and/or TBI in veterans. Veterans in our study articulated the benefits of using a SD as a tertiary treatment option, and the need to make this a standard treatment option for all veterans who suffer from PTSD and/or TBI.
- Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among healthcare workers during the Omicron eraby YuanYuan Yin on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that improving the state of euthymia, getting social support from others could alleviate PTSD symptoms among healthcare workers during the COVID-19.
- Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with fibromyalgia. A systematic reviewby Á Conde-Antón on 9 Aprile 2023
CONCLUSIONS: The application of tDCS to the motor cortex is the only intervention shown to decrease pain in the short and medium-term in patients with FM. The application of both interventions showed improvements in PPT, catastrophising and quality of life when applied to the motor cortex, and in fatigue when applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The effects of these interventions on anxiety and depression are unclear.
- Non-Invasive Electric and Magnetic Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Fibromyalgiaby Andrés Molero-Chamizo on 29 Marzo 2023
Although fibromyalgia is defined by its core muscular nociceptive component, it also includes multiple dysfunctions that involve the musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, immune, endocrine, as well as the central and peripheral nervous systems, amongst others. The pathogenic involvement of the nervous system and the numerous neurological and neuroinflammatory symptoms of this disease may benefit from neuromodulatory stimulation techniques that have been shown to be effective and safe in diverse...
- Neural correlates of control over pain in fibromyalgia patientsby Benjamin Mosch on 27 Febbraio 2023
The perceived lack of control over the experience of pain is arguably-one major cause of agony and impaired life quality in patients with chronic pain disorders as fibromyalgia (FM). The way perceived control affects subjective pain as well as the underlying neural mechanisms have so far not been investigated in chronic pain. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the neural correlates of self-controlled compared to computer-controlled heat pain in healthy controls (HC,...
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with fibromyalgia: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysisby Yangyang Wang on 1 Dicembre 2022
CONCLUSION: This study will provide systematic support of evidence-based medicine for TMS in fibromyalgia, integrate the results of direct and indirect comparisons of the efficacy of different rTMS protocol, and provide the best one.
- Motor cortex inhibition as a fibromyalgia biomarker: a meta-analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation studiesby Kevin Pacheco-Barrios on 18 Luglio 2022
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a common and refractory chronic pain condition with multiple clinical phenotypes. The current diagnosis is based on a syndrome identification which can be subjective and lead to under or over-diagnosis. Therefore, there is a need for objective biomarkers for diagnosis, phenotyping, and prognosis (treatment response and follow-up) in fibromyalgia. Potential biomarkers are measures of cortical excitability indexed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). However, no...
- New updates on transcranial magnetic stimulation in chronic painby Ana Mércia Fernandes on 31 Maggio 2022
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Chronic pain is the most prevalent symptomatic disease worldwide. Nonpharmacological interventions, such as noninvasive neuromodulation (NIN), have gained scientific evidence to support their use as an add-on strategy to pharmacological pain management. The most studied NIN technique is repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). This review aims to identify the current indications for rTMS in the treatment of chronic pain and its new perspectives.
- Recovery of clinical, cognitive and cortical activity measures following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI): A longitudinal investigationby Hannah L Coyle on 28 Maggio 2023
The mechanisms that underpin recovery following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remain poorly understood. Identifying neurophysiological markers and their functional significance is necessary to develop diagnostic and prognostic indicators of recovery. The current study assessed 30 participants in the subacute phase of mTBI (10-31 days post-injury) and 28 demographically matched controls. Participants also completed 3 month (mTBI: N = 21, control: N = 25) and 6 month (mTBI: N = 15, control: N...
- Transcranial Stimulation for the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorderby Amber N Edinoff on 28 Marzo 2023
The increasing prevalence of stimulant use disorder (StUD) involving methamphetamine and cocaine has been a growing healthcare concern in the United States. Cocaine usage is associated with atherosclerosis, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and arrhythmias. Furthermore, approximately one of every four MIs is cocaine-induced among patients aged 18 to 45. Methamphetamine use has been associated with nerve terminal damage in the dopaminergic system resulting in impaired motor function, cognitive...
- Sex differences in mild vascular cognitive impairment: A multimodal transcranial magnetic stimulation studyby Mariagiovanna Cantone on 3 Marzo 2023
CONCLUSIONS: We confirm the worse cognitive profile and functional status of males with mild VCI compared to females and first highlight sex-specific changes in intracortical and cortico-spinal excitability to multimodal TMS in this population. This points to some TMS measures as potential markers of cognitive impairment, as well as targets for new drugs and neuromodulation therapies.
- Disruption of early visual processing in amyloid-positive healthy individuals and mild cognitive impairmentby Daniel C Javitt on 1 Marzo 2023
BACKGROUND: Amyloid deposition is a primary predictor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related neurodegenerative disorders. Retinal changes involving the structure and function of the ganglion cell layer are increasingly documented in both established and prodromal AD. Visual event-related potentials (vERP) are sensitive to dysfunction in the magno- and parvocellular visual systems, which originate within the retinal ganglion cell layer. The present study evaluates vERP as a function of amyloid...
- Low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation protects cognition in mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress through autophagy regulationby Chuan Liu on 28 Febbraio 2023
Although transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been approved for the treatment of major depression, few studies have analyzed the ability of low-frequency TMS (LF-TMS) to treat depressive symptoms. Our study confirmed that LF-TMS protects the cognitive function,which can play a certain reference role in the future clinical treatment. The effectiveness of high-frequency TMS therapy has been well documented. However, the use of low-frequency TMS (LF-TMS) in the treatment of depression is...
- Effective Intracerebral Connectivity in Acute Stroke: A TMS-EEG Studyby Franca Tecchio on 25 Febbraio 2023
Stroke is a major cause of disability because of its motor and cognitive sequelae even when the acute phase of stabilization of vital parameters is overcome. The most important improvements occur in the first 8-12 weeks after stroke, indicating that it is crucial to improve our understanding of the dynamics of phenomena occurring in this time window to prospectively target rehabilitation procedures from the earliest stages after the event. Here, we studied the intracortical excitability...
- Cortical excitability in patients with REM sleep behavior disorder with abnormal TRODAT-1 SPECT scan: an insight into prodromal Parkinson's diseaseby Siao-Chu Su on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: We showed that TRA-RBD shared similar cortical excitability changes with clinical PD. These findings would provide further insight into the concept that RBD is the highly prevalent entity in prodromal PD.
- Automated sleep staging in people with intellectual disabilities using heart rate and respiration variabilityby N van den Broek on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSIONS: Using analysis of heart rate and respiration variability, sleep stages can be estimated in people with ID. This could in the future lead to less obtrusive measurements of sleep using, for example, wearables, more suitable to this population.
- A new technology for pacifier weaning: a thematic analysisby Ahmed Al Hariri on 9 Giugno 2023
INTRODUCTION: Babies and toddlers often become accustomed to using baby pacifiers. However, pacifiers may harm children's health and lead to various problems, such as less frequent breastfeeding, shorter breastfeeding duration, dental deformities, tooth decay, recurrent acute otitis media, sleep disorders, and the potential for accidents. This study aims to introduce new technology that may prevent babies from becoming used to a pacifier (patent titled "Prevents Getting Used to Pacifier Baby,...
- Associations Between Insomnia and Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Nutritional Intake After Involuntary Job Lossby Salma Batool-Anwar on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: Unemployed persons compared to those with sleep disorders differ in their consumption of major nutrients; the dietary composition of those with acute insomnia exhibited the greatest divergence. Additionally, the overall nutritional intake of recently unemployed persons is poor.
- Hyper-parameter tuning and feature extraction for asynchronous action detection from sub-thalamic nucleus local field potentialsby Thomas Martineau on 9 Giugno 2023
INTRODUCTION: Decoding brain states from subcortical local field potentials (LFPs) indicative of activities such as voluntary movement, tremor, or sleep stages, holds significant potential in treating neurodegenerative disorders and offers new paradigms in brain-computer interface (BCI). Identified states can serve as control signals in coupled human-machine systems, e.g., to regulate deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy or control prosthetic limbs. However, the behavior, performance, and...
- Associations of rest-activity rhythm disturbances with stroke risk and post-stroke adverse outcomesby Lei Gao on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: Suppressed 24-h rest-activity rhythm may be a risk factor for stroke and an early indicator of major post-stroke adverse outcomes.
- Behavioral treatment for migraine prophylaxis in adults: Moderator analysis of a randomized controlled trialby Timo Klan on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: Our findings contribute to an individualized treatment selection and suggest that preference for complex behavioral treatment (migraine-specific cognitive-behavioral therapy) should be given to patients with high headache-related disability, increased anxiety, or a comorbid mental disorder.Study Registration: Original study registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (https://drks.de/search/de; DRKS-ID: DRKS00011111).
- Efficacy of IV Valproic Acid and Oral Valproic Acid Tapers for the Treatment of Pediatric Headaches in the Emergency Departmentby Scott Rosenthal on 9 Giugno 2023
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pediatric headaches, including migraine, are a common reason for emergency department (ED) presentation. IV valproic acid (VPA) followed by oral VPA tapers are often used to abort pediatric headache and reduce recurrence, though limited data exist regarding this approach. This study evaluated the effectiveness of IV VPA and oral VPA tapers for the treatment of acute pediatric headaches in the ED in preventing return encounters.
- Immune Fitness, Migraine, and Headache Complaints in Individuals with Self-Reported Impaired Wound Healingby Jessica Balikji on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: Headaches and migraines are more frequently reported by individuals with self-reported impaired wound healing, and their reported immune fitness is significantly poorer compared to healthy controls. These headache and migraine complaints significantly limit them in their daily activities.
- Familial Adult Myoclonic Epilepsy: Clinical and Genetic Approach to an Under-recognized Diseaseby Güneş Altıokka Uzun on 8 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: However, as it is not classified as an individual epileptic syndrome by the ILAE, there are still some question marks about this under-recognized disease. The insidious progression of the clinical findings and similarity in phenotypes may lead to misdiagnosis. Clinical and electroclinical international collaborations may help distinguish FAME from other myoclonic epilepsies including juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and slow-progressive forms of progressive myoclonic epilepsy and movement...
- ABHD6 and MAGL control 2-AG levels in the PAG and allodynia in a CSD-induced periorbital model of headacheby Erika Liktor-Busa on 8 Giugno 2023
INTRODUCTION: The high prevalence and severe symptoms of migraines in humans emphasizes the need to identify underlying mechanisms that can be targeted for therapeutic benefit. Clinical Endocannabinoid Deficiency (CED) posits that reduced endocannabinoid tone may contribute to migraine development and other neuropathic pain conditions. While strategies that increase levels of the endocannabinoid n-arachidonoylethanolamide have been tested, few studies have investigated targeting the levels of...
- Genome-phenome wide association study of broadly defined headacheby Wan-Ting Hsu on 8 Giugno 2023
Until recently, most genetic studies of headache have been conducted on participants with European ancestry. We therefore conducted a large-scale genome-wide association study of self-reported headache in individuals of East Asian ancestry (specifically those who were identified as Han Chinese). In this study, 108 855 participants were enrolled, including 12 026 headache cases from the Taiwan Biobank. For broadly defined headache phenotype, we identified a locus on Chromosome 17, with the lead...
- Update on binge eating disorder: What general practitioners should knowby Tayla Donker on 9 Giugno 2023
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of eating disorders in Australia is increasing. Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most prevalent form of disordered eating. Many people with BED are overweight. This compounds the problem due to weight stigma and the typical conception of someone with an eating disorder being underweight, leading to the under-recognition of eating disorders in this population group.
- Covid-19 and adolescence: Clinical findings and psychopathological thoughts about some immediate or differed impactsby C Mille on 9 Giugno 2023
This pandemic has profoundly changed our lives for many months and its long-term consequences remain largely hypothetical. The containment measures, the threats to the health of relatives, the constraints limiting social openings have left no one indifferent, but may have particularly impeded "adolescent separation work". Most of adolescents have been able to deploy their adaptation capacities, while for others this exceptional situation has triggered stressful reactions for those around them....
- Associations Between Insomnia and Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Nutritional Intake After Involuntary Job Lossby Salma Batool-Anwar on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: Unemployed persons compared to those with sleep disorders differ in their consumption of major nutrients; the dietary composition of those with acute insomnia exhibited the greatest divergence. Additionally, the overall nutritional intake of recently unemployed persons is poor.
- Biopsy-proven Primary CNS Lymphoma in the Medulla Oblongata Presenting as Anorexiaby Takaharu Kawajiri on 9 Giugno 2023
Eating disorders caused by brain tumors are infrequently seen. Recent studies revealed that a neurocircuit from the nucleus tractus solitarius of the medulla oblongata to the hypothalamus participates in the control of appetite. Among brain tumors, those located in the brain stem, especially a solitary one in the medulla oblongata, are rare. Tumors in the brainstem are generally considered gliomas, and with the difficulty in reaching the lesion, treatment without histological confirmation is...
- Emotion regulation and disordered eating behaviour in youths: Two daily-diary studiesby Christine Dworschak on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underline the importance of examining regulation of both positive and negative emotion in order to understand eating disorder risk.
- Care pathways for longstanding eating disorders must offer paths to recovery, not managed declineby James Downs on 8 Giugno 2023
Eating disorders are historically underserved in healthcare, but are increasingly prevalent and recognised for their high costs regarding mortality, quality of life and the economy. Those with longstanding eating disorders are commonly labelled 'severe and enduring' (SEED), which has been challenged for its conceptual vagueness and potential to discourage patients. Attempts to define individuals from this cohort as having 'terminal' illness have also gained traction in recent years. This paper...
- Evidence-Based Quality Improvement (EBQI) in the pre-implementation phase: key steps and activitiesby Taren Swindle on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSIONS: A primary contribution of our comparative case study is the delineation of various steps and activities of EBQI, which may contribute to the replicability of the EBQI process across other implementation research projects.
- Behavioral treatment for migraine prophylaxis in adults: Moderator analysis of a randomized controlled trialby Timo Klan on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: Our findings contribute to an individualized treatment selection and suggest that preference for complex behavioral treatment (migraine-specific cognitive-behavioral therapy) should be given to patients with high headache-related disability, increased anxiety, or a comorbid mental disorder.Study Registration: Original study registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (https://drks.de/search/de; DRKS-ID: DRKS00011111).
- Exploring the role of CBT in the self-management of type 2 diabetes: A rapid reviewby Elne Visagie on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: The review emphasised the need to further investigate the role of CBT in improving self-management of type 2 diabetes, especially in a South African context.
- Micromagnetic Stimulation (μMS) Controls Dopamine Release: An in vivo Study Using WINCS Harmoniby Renata Saha on 9 Giugno 2023
OBJECTIVE: Research into the role of neurotransmitters in regulating normal and pathologic brain functions has made significant progress. Yet, clinical trials that aim to improve therapeutic interventions do not take advantage of the in vivo changes in the neurochemistry that occur in real time during disease progression, drug interactions or response to pharmacological, cognitive, behavioral, and neuromodulation therapies. In this work, we used the WINCS Harmoni tool to study the real time in...
- The comorbidity of somatic symptom and major depressive disorders in the times of COVID-19 lockdown in adolescence: A case-report studyby Najmeh Shahini on 9 Giugno 2023
Physical symptoms with normal clinical examinations have been reported without detectable structural or biochemical abnormalities in the comorbidity of somatic symptom disorder and major depressive disorder. This association can have a debilitating effect on their academic and social performance. This case report is about a 13-year-old Afghani immigrant boy with no previous psychiatric history who developed severe body pain leading to a disability during the COVID-19 lockdown and social...
- The effectiveness of an additive informal social network intervention for forensic psychiatric outpatients: results of a randomized controlled trialby Lise T A Swinkels on 9 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: This is the first RCT examining the effectiveness of an additive informal social network intervention in forensic psychiatric outpatients. Although no improvements were found on mental wellbeing, the additive intervention was effective in reducing hospitalization and criminal behavior. The findings suggest that forensic outpatient treatment can be optimized by collaborating with informal care initiatives aimed at improving social networks within the community. Future research is...
- Beyond the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation in peripartum depression: A systematic review exploring perinatal safety for newbornsby Andrea Miuli on 4 Giugno 2023
CONCLUSION: The present systematic review demonstrated that TMS use in women with peripartum depression is safe, feasible and well-tolerated by the developing fetus/newborn, with a good safety and tolerability profile even during breastfeeding.
- GABAergic Effects of Etifoxine and Alprazolam Assessed by Double Pulse TMSby Marco Riebel on 23 Maggio 2023
INTRODUCTION: There is a need for novel anxiolytics with improved side effect profiles compared to benzodiazepines. A promising candidate with alternative pharmacodynamics is the translocator protein ligand, etifoxine.
- Effects on Corticospinal Tract Homology of Faremus Personalized Neuromodulation Relieving Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Proof-of-Concept Studyby Massimo Bertoli on 16 Maggio 2023
CONCLUSIONS: The Faremus-related CST changes extend the relevance of the balance between hemispheric homologs to the homology between body sides. With this work, we contribute to the development of new network-sensitive measures that can provide new insights into the mechanisms of neuronal functional patterning underlying relevant symptoms.
- Accelerated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Treat Major Depression: The Past, Present, and Futureby Leo Chen on 12 Maggio 2023
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective and evidence-based therapy for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. A conventional course of rTMS applies 20-30 daily sessions over 4-6 weeks. The schedule of rTMS delivery can be accelerated by applying multiple stimulation sessions per day, which reduces the duration of a treatment course with a predefined number of sessions. Accelerated rTMS reduces time demands, improves clinical efficiency, and potentially induces...
- Applications for oral research in microgravity - lessons learned from burning mouth syndrome and ageing studiesby Cosmin Dugan on 11 Maggio 2023
The negative consequences of microgravity for the human body are central aspects of space travel that raise health problems. Altered functions of the same systems and treatment options are common points of spaceflight physiology, age-related diseases, and oral medicine. This work emphasizes the convergence of knowledge between pathophysiological changes brought on by aging, physiological reactions to microgravity exposure, and non-pharmacological and non-invasive treatment methods that can be...
- Impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor function in children with acquired brain injury: a scoping review protocolby Chandrasekar Rathinam on 2 Maggio 2023
BACKGROUND: Children with severe acquired brain injury (ABI) require early and effective neurorehabilitation provision to promote a good long-term functional outcome. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to improve motor skills for children with cerebral palsy but there is limited material supporting its use in children with ABI who have a motor disorder.
