AGGIORNAMENTO SCIENTIFICO IN TEMPO REALE FORNITO DA:
- A review of algorithms and software for real-time electric field modeling techniques for transcranial magnetic stimulationby Tae Young Park on 22 Aprile 2024
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a device-based neuromodulation technique increasingly used to treat brain diseases. Electric field (E-field) modeling is an important technique in several TMS clinical applications, including the precision stimulation of brain targets with accurate stimulation density for the treatment of mental disorders and the localization of brain function areas for neurosurgical planning. Classical methods for E-field modeling usually take a long computation time....
- Stroke Recovery-Related Changes in Cortical Reactivity Based on Modulation of Intracortical Inhibitionby Sylvain Harquel on 19 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: The present results revealed an abnormal motor cortical reactivity in patients with stroke, which was driven by perturbations and longitudinal changes within the intracortical inhibition system. They support the view that disinhibition in the ipsilesional motor cortex during the first-week poststroke is beneficial and promotes neuronal plasticity and recovery.
- Brain stimulation over the left DLPFC enhances motivation for effortful rewards in patients with major depressive disorderby Rong Bi on 19 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide behavioral, computational, and neural evidence for the left DLPFC on effortful motivation for rewards. Facilitated DLPFC improves motor preparation and value anticipation after making decisions especially for highly effortful rewards in MDD. Facilitated DLPFC also has a potential function in enhancing motivated attention during cost-benefit trade-off. This neuromodulation effect provides a potential treatment for improving motivation in clinics.
- Breakdown of effective information flow in disorders of consciousness: Insights from TMS-EEGby Yang Bai on 19 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: TMS-EEG revealed a physiologically relevant correlation between TMS-induced information flow and levels of consciousness. This suggests that breakdown of effective cortical information flow serves as a viable marker of human consciousness.
- Enhancing ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation mitigates social pain and modifies subsequent social attitudes: Insights from TMS and fMRIby Sijin Li on 19 Aprile 2024
Social pain, a multifaceted emotional response triggered by interpersonal rejection or criticism, profoundly impacts mental well-being and social interactions. While prior research has implicated the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) in mitigating social pain, the precise neural mechanisms and downstream effects on subsequent social attitudes remain elusive. This study employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) integrated with fMRI recordings during a social pain task to...
- Stability of transcranial magnetic stimulation electroencephalogram evoked potentials in pediatric epilepsyby Xiwei She on 19 Aprile 2024
Transcranial magnetic stimulation paired with electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) can measure local excitability and functional connectivity. To address trial-to-trial variability, responses to multiple TMS pulses are recorded to obtain an average TMS evoked potential (TEP). Balancing adequate data acquisition to establish stable TEPs with feasible experimental duration is critical when applying TMS-EEG to clinical populations. Here we aim to investigate the minimum number of pulses (MNP) required...
- Accidental catheter breakage during caudal epidural infiltration in an adult: An unusual complicationby Paula Gil Esteller on 24 Aprile 2024
Caudal epidural block is a simple and safe technique with a low complication rate commonly used for pediatric anesthesia and treatment of chronic lumbosacral pain. However, it is not exempt from some risks that, although infrequent, should be known. We describe the case of a 48-year-old female with chronic lumbosacral radicular pain who underwent caudal epidural infiltration. During the withdrawal of the catheter, accidental breakage and retention of a fragment at the level of the anterior...
- Hippocampus diffusivity abnormalities in classical trigeminal neuralgiaby Shaun Andrew Hanycz on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that TN is associated with microstructural hippocampal abnormalities, which may precede and potentially be temporally linked to volumetric hippocampal alterations demonstrated previously. These findings provide further evidence for the role of the hippocampus in chronic pain and suggest the potential for targeted interventions to mitigate cognitive symptoms in patients with chronic pain.
- 12/15-Lipoxygenases mediate neuropathic-like pain hypersensitivity in female miceby B Brown on 22 Aprile 2024
It is estimated that chronic neuropathic pain conditions exhibit up to 10% prevalence in the general population, with increased incidence in females. However, nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are ineffective, and currently indicated prescription treatments such as opioids, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants provide only limited therapeutic benefit. In the current work, we extended previous studies in male rats utilizing a paradigm of central Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent,...
- Selective modification of ascending spinal outputs in acute and neuropathic pain statesby David A Yarmolinsky on 22 Aprile 2024
Pain hypersensitivity arises from the plasticity of peripheral and spinal somatosensory neurons, which modifies nociceptive input to the brain and alters pain perception. We utilized chronic calcium imaging of spinal dorsal horn neurons to determine how the representation of somatosensory stimuli in the anterolateral tract, the principal pathway transmitting nociceptive signals to the brain, changes between distinct pain states. In healthy conditions, we identify stable, narrowly tuned outputs...
- LncRNA-PCat19 acts as a ceRNA of miR-378a-3p to facilitate microglia activation and accelerate chronic neuropathic pain in rats by promoting KDM3A-mediated BDNF demethylationby Ziyu Zhao on 21 Aprile 2024
The pathogenesis of neuropathic pain (NP) is complex, and there are various pathological processes. Previous studies have suggested that lncRNA PCAT19 is abnormally expressed in NP conduction and affects the occurrence and development of pain. The aim of this study is to analyze the role and mechanism of PCAT19 in NP induced by chronic compressive nerve injury (CCI) in mice. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were applied to establish the CCI model. sh-PCAT19 was intrathecally injected once a day for 5...
- Quantitative Sensory Testing in Spinal Cord Stimulation: A Narrative Reviewby Turo Nurmikko on 19 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the adoption of QST into future clinical research protocols, using either the full QST protocol or a less time-demanding short-form QST.
- Clinical Presentations of Bupropion Prescription Drug Misuse: A Systematic Reviewby Greg Noe on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review highlights the bupropion misuse potential in certain patient populations and serves to increase awareness among clinicians. Additional patient screening, monitoring and follow-up, surveillance, and further research are needed to investigate and prevent bupropion misuse in at-risk patient populations entirely.
- Doxycycline as Postsexual Exposure Prophylaxis: Use, Acceptability, and Associated Sexual Health Behaviors Among a Multi-Site Sample of Clinical Trial Participantsby Rob J Fredericksen on 24 Aprile 2024
Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) reduces sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW). In a clinical trial of doxy-PEP, we sought to assess acceptability, impact, and meaning of doxy-PEP use among MSM/TGW. We conducted semistructured, in-depth 1:1 interviews with MSM and TGW enrolled in the intervention arm of the Doxy-PEP study. We queried motivations for and meaning of use, attitudes, beliefs, adherence, effect on sexual...
- Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Mindfulness in Treatment of Prolonged Grief Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trialby Richard A Bryant on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy conferred more benefit for core prolonged grief disorder symptoms and associated problems 6 months after treatment than mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Although both treatments may be considered for prolonged grief disorder, grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy might be the more effective choice, taking all factors into consideration.
- Stigmatization and Mental Health Impact of Chronic Pediatric Skin Disordersby Amy S Paller on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings of this study suggest that physician assessment of disease severity and visibility is insufficient to evaluate the disease impact in the patient/caregiver. Identifying stigmatization, including bullying, and tracking improvement through medical and psychosocial interventions may be a key role for practitioners.
- Smoking cessation among tuberculosis patients during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemicby Sandra Eugênia Coutinho on 24 Aprile 2024
Smoking has been recognized as a significant risk factor for COVID-19 and mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended smoking cessation to reduce the impact of COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the smoking cessation rate of patients starting tuberculosis (TB) treatment at six months using motivational interviewing based on the WHO "five steps to quit" model. In addition, we assessed the knowledge about smoking and the barriers to smoking cessation. We conducted a...
- Enhancing Oncologists' Comfort with Serious Illness Conversations: The Impact of Serious Illness Conversation Guide (SICG) Trainingby E Adaji on 24 Aprile 2024
Providers oftentimes need to have difficult conversations with patients facing a poor prognosis. Research indicates that providers generally feel ill prepared for these conversations and that bad conversations may lead to more anxiety for patients. Communication skills development training programs have shown improvement in providers' skills. Our cancer center embarked on skills development training to help providers improve their skills and comfort in having serious illness conversations....
- The Impact of Video-Based Microinterventions on Attitudes Toward Mental Health and Help Seeking in Youth: Web-Based Randomized Controlled Trialby Diana Lemmer on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to promote help seeking for MH problems may require disorder-specific approaches. The study results can inform future research and public health campaigns addressing adolescents and young adults.
- Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral BI 1358894 in Healthy Japanese Male Volunteersby Jangsoo Yoon on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: BI 1358894 was well tolerated with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in Japanese male HVs, similar to findings from a previous study in Caucasian male HVs.
- Impact of on-call shifts on working memory and the role of burnout, sleep, and mental well-being in trainee physiciansby Abeer F Almarzouki on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: Working more on-call shifts is associated with compromised WM. Trainee physicians who experienced more depressive symptoms and burnout had worse WM.
- Momentary Factors and Study Characteristics Associated With Participant Burden and Protocol Adherence: Ecological Momentary Assessmentby Allan D Tate on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: The 8-day EMA implementation appeared to capture momentary sources of stress and depressed mood without substantial burden to a racially or ethnically diverse and immigrant or refugee sample of parents. Attention to sociodemographic attributes (eg, EMA in the primary language of the caregiver) was important for minimizing participant burden and improving data quality. Momentary stress and depressed mood were strong determinants of participant-experienced EMA burden and may affect...
- Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Disorder Symptoms in Adolescents with Bipolar I Disorderby Jenni E Farrow on 24 Aprile 2024
Objective: To investigate the prevalence and correlates of eating disorder symptoms in adolescents with bipolar I disorder (BP I). Methods: We retrospectively collected a DSM-IV-TR-based diagnostic assessment of 179 adolescents with BP I and evaluated clinical variables in those with and without eating disorder symptoms. For comparison, we retrospectively evaluated eating disorder symptoms in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Results: Thirty-six percent of adolescents with BP...
- Stimulus-Response Patterns: The Key to Giving Generalizability to Text-based Depression Detection Modelsby Zhenyu Liu on 24 Aprile 2024
Text content analysis for depression detection using machine learning techniques has become a prominent area of research. However, previous studies focused mainly on analyzing the textual content, neglecting the fundamental factors driving text generation. Consequently, existing models face the challenge of poor generalization to out-of-domain data as they struggle to capture the crucial features of depression. To address this, we propose a novel computational perspective of "stimulus-response...
- The Correlation of Surgical Setting With Perioperative Opioid Prescriptions for Wide-Awake Carpal Tunnel Releaseby Alexander J Kammien on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Following office-based CTR, fewer patients filled opioid prescriptions, and filled prescriptions had lower MME. This likely reflects patient and provider attitudes about pain control and opioid utilization. Further patient- and provider-level investigation may provide additional insights that could aid in efforts to reduce perioperative opioid utilization across surgical settings.
- Cannabis use and mood disorders: a systematic reviewby Maryam Sorkhou on 24 Aprile 2024
BACKGROUND: Problematic cannabis use is highly prevalent among people with mood disorders. This underscores the need to understand the effects of cannabis and cannabinoids in this population, especially considering legalization of recreational cannabis use.
- Impact of Provider-Facing Interventions to Reduce Opioid Use on Pain Related Outcomes in Primary Care: A Cluster Randomized Trialby Clinton J Hardy on 24 Aprile 2024
No abstract
- Operational Definitions of Poly-Victimization: A Scoping Reviewby Christin M Ogle on 24 Aprile 2024
Throughout the last two decades, research on poly-victimization (PV) has evolved from examinations of a core set of past-year victimization types in youth samples to investigations of a broad range of victimization types experienced during variable time intervals in diverse samples of varying ages. As the concept of PV expands, greater clarity regarding the definition and measurement of PV is needed to advance understanding of its risk and protective factors as well as its associated outcomes....
- Chemsex - drug use primarily orientated around a sexual experience - Patients that fall through the gapsby Matthew Scott Watson on 24 Aprile 2024
Drug use in a sexualised context provides unique challenges both in specialised clinics (psychiatric and sexual health clinics) as well as general practice. Layered onto this leads some inequalities in health care to poorer outcomes in specific groups. This article aims to provide evidence based harm reduction strategies that can easily be applied in primary care to reduce complications, identify those at higher risk and deploy appropriate treatments.
- Herbal remedies in the management of hyperuricemia and gout: A review of in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidencesby Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally on 24 Aprile 2024
Gout, or hyperuricemia is a multifactorial and multi-faceted metabolic disease that is quite difficult to manage and/or treat. Conventional therapies such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as allopurinol, corticosteroids and colchicine amongst others, have helped in its management and treatment to some extent. This study aimed to compile and analyze the different herbal remedies used in the management of hyperuricemia and gout. A literature search was conducted from key...
- Recurrent Isolated Uvular Angioedema Associated With Intranasal Cocaine Use: A Case Reportby Erika Tsutsui on 24 Aprile 2024
Isolated uvular angioedema, or Quincke's disease, is a rare manifestation with various potential causes. This article presents the first documented case of recurrent isolated uvular angioedema associated with intranasal cocaine use. The patient, a 43-year-old man, exhibited acute symptoms of sore throat, throat swelling, and difficulty breathing, with a history of a similar episode a few years prior. Both episodes occurred following intranasal cocaine use. Examination revealed an enlarged uvula...
- Suicide ideation and psychotropic recreational drug use by adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysisby Cássia Lima de Oliveira Gracini on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Psychotropic recreational drug use is associated with suicidal ideation among adolescents regardless of current or previous use, abuse, or type of substance used.
- Clinical Presentations of Bupropion Prescription Drug Misuse: A Systematic Reviewby Greg Noe on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review highlights the bupropion misuse potential in certain patient populations and serves to increase awareness among clinicians. Additional patient screening, monitoring and follow-up, surveillance, and further research are needed to investigate and prevent bupropion misuse in at-risk patient populations entirely.
- The Transition of Sociodemographic and Substance Abuse Characteristics, Pairwise Co-occurrences and Factors Associated with Polysubstance Use Among US Adolescents and Young Adultsby Md Tareq Ferdous Khan on 23 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: The findings may help to understand the overall changes between 1992 and 2017 and take necessary measures to reduce the burden of this public health problem.
- Prior cocaine self-administration does not impair the ability to delay gratification in rats during diminishing returnsby H J Pribut on 23 Aprile 2024
Previous exposure to drugs of abuse produces impairments in studies of reversal learning, delay discounting and response inhibition tasks. While these studies contribute to the understanding of normal decision-making and how it is impaired by drugs of abuse, they do not fully capture how decision-making impacts the ability to delay gratification for greater long-term benefit. To address this issue, we used a diminishing returns task to study decision-making in rats that had previously...
- Rapid Screening of New Psychoactive Substances Using pDART-QqQ-MSby Wei-Hsin Hsu on 23 Aprile 2024
Drug abuse is a severe social problem worldwide. Particularly, the issue of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) have increasingly emerged. NPSs are structural or functional analogs of traditional illicit drugs, such as cocaine, cannabis, and amphetamine; these molecules provide the same or more severe neurological effects. Usually, immunoassays are utilized in the preliminary screening method. However, NPSs have poor detectability in commercially available immunoassay kits. Meanwhile, various...
- Between-session chasing of losses and wins in an online eCasinoby Ke Zhang on 24 Aprile 2024
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study characterized chasing behaviour as the time to return to an online gambling website after a losing or a winning visit.
- Nutritional Support for Moderate-to-Late-Preterm Infants - A Randomized Trialby Tanith Alexander on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: This trial of routine nutrition interventions to support moderate-to-late-preterm infants until full nutrition with mother's breast milk was possible did not show any effects on the time to full enteral feeding or on body composition at 4 months of corrected gestational age. (Funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand and others; DIAMOND Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12616001199404.).
- The asymmetric impact of decision-making confidence on regret and reliefby Zan Liu on 23 Aprile 2024
When individuals make uncertain decisions, they often evaluate the correctness of their choices in what is referred to as decision-making confidence. The outcomes of such decision-making can lead to counterfactual thinking wherein alternative possible outcomes are contemplated. This, in turn, can elicit counterfactual emotions including upward and downward counterfactual thinking, which, respectively, refer to regret and relief. Decision-making confidence and counterfactual emotions have key...
- Within-laboratory reproducibility of Ames test results: Are repeat tests necessary?by Errol Zeiger on 23 Aprile 2024
The Ames test is required by regulatory agencies worldwide for assessing the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of chemical compounds. This test uses several strains of bacteria to evaluate mutation induction: positive results in the assay are predictive of rodent carcinogenicity. As an initial step to understanding how well the assay may detect mutagens present as constituents of complex mixtures such as botanical extracts, a cross-sector working group examined the within-laboratory...
- A Longitudinal Investigation of Lower-Risk Gambling Limits in the Canadian National Studyby Nolan B Gooding on 23 Aprile 2024
Recent years have seen increased attention given to identifying and describing the levels of gambling participation that confer a risk of harm in order to generate public health advice regarding lower-risk gambling. However, most of the existing literature has failed to explicitly assess these limits in a prospective manner. The purpose of this study is to employ a methodology consistent with prior investigations to evaluate the level of gambling participation associated with an increased risk...
- Skill-Based Electronic Gaming Machines: Features that Mimic Video Gaming, Features that could Contribute to Harm, and Their Potential Attraction to Different Groupsby Philip Newall on 23 Aprile 2024
New gambling products have been developed over time as technology permits. For example, early mechanical slot machines were later replaced by electronic gaming machines (EGMs), which enabled a faster speed of play and more immersive experience. EGMs have in the decades since their invention become one of the main drivers of gambling expenditure worldwide and are one of the gambling products most strongly associated with harm. This literature review considers research relevant to a new...
- Outcomes of Anorexia Nervosa in a Male Patient Treated With Paroxetine: A Case Reportby Mohammed Alkhamis on 24 Aprile 2024
Eating disorders (EDs) are among the most dangerous mental illnesses, that are characterized by high mortality rates, multisystem comorbidity, and an often chronic and relapsing disease course. EDs occur most commonly in the female gender, with a ratio of 10 females to 1 male for anorexia nervosa (AN). We present the case of a 15-year-old Saudi boy who presented with weight loss (BMI 11.6 kg/m²) and began to have symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in prayer and ablution. His first...
- Practical guidelines for eating disorder risk mitigation in patients undergoing obesity treatment for the pediatric providerby Katelyn Gordon on 24 Aprile 2024
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pediatric obesity is a growing concern globally. Patients with a history of overweight/obesity often experience stigmatization, especially in the healthcare setting, and are at increased risk of developing psychological comorbidities including eating disorders. This review appraises the most recent studies evaluating eating disorder risk in youth undergoing treatment for obesity, identifies gaps in the literature, and offers practical guidelines to pediatric providers...
- PURA syndrome-causing mutations impair PUR-domain integrity and affect P-body associationby Marcel Proske on 24 Aprile 2024
Mutations in the human PURA gene cause the neurodevelopmental PURA syndrome. In contrast to several other monogenetic disorders, almost all reported mutations in this nucleic acid-binding protein result in the full disease penetrance. In this study, we observed that patient mutations across PURA impair its previously reported co-localization with processing bodies. These mutations either destroyed the folding integrity, RNA binding, or dimerization of PURA. We also solved the crystal structures...
- Effect of obesity on mood regulation and eating attitudes in mental disordersby Hayriye Baykan on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: While a partial and meaningful correlation was observed among body mass index, eating attitudes, and emotion regulation difficulties, it is suggested that factors such as patients' age, disease duration, current body mass index, and the simultaneous presence of depression and anxiety should be considered.
- Thinning of the retinal nerve fiber and choroidal layers in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A controlled studyby Ceyda Baskan on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: The retinal nerve fiber layer and choroidal layer thicknesses were lesser in patients with anorexia than in healthy controls. Screening for retinal indices might prevent the development of irreversible retinal pathologies in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. In addition, thinning of the retinal nerve fiber and choroidal layers could reflect structural or functional changes in the brain of adolescents with anorexia nervosa.
- Adolescents Who Do Not Endorse Risk via the Patient Health Questionnaire Before Self-Harm or Suicideby Jean P Flores on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Study results suggest that older age, history of an inpatient mental health encounter, or being screened in primary care were associated with at-risk adolescents being less likely to endorse having thoughts of death and self-harm on the PHQ item 9 before a self-harm event or suicide death. As use of the PHQ becomes more widespread in practice, additional research is needed for understanding reasons why many at-risk adolescents do not endorse thoughts of death and...
- Outcomes of Anorexia Nervosa in a Male Patient Treated With Paroxetine: A Case Reportby Mohammed Alkhamis on 24 Aprile 2024
Eating disorders (EDs) are among the most dangerous mental illnesses, that are characterized by high mortality rates, multisystem comorbidity, and an often chronic and relapsing disease course. EDs occur most commonly in the female gender, with a ratio of 10 females to 1 male for anorexia nervosa (AN). We present the case of a 15-year-old Saudi boy who presented with weight loss (BMI 11.6 kg/m²) and began to have symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in prayer and ablution. His first...
- Genomics of severe and treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder treated with deep brain stimulation: A preliminary investigationby Long Long Chen on 23 Aprile 2024
Individuals with severe and treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (trOCD) represent a small but severely disabled group of patients. Since trOCD cases eligible for deep brain stimulation (DBS) probably comprise the most severe end of the OCD spectrum, we hypothesize that they may be more likely to have a strong genetic contribution to their disorder. Therefore, while the worldwide population of DBS-treated cases may be small (~300), screening these individuals with modern genomic...
- Intensive exposure treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder in old age.by M G Guineau on 23 Aprile 2024
The absence of treatment studies for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in older adults and the fact that OCD typically starts at a young age and often follows a chronic, fluctuating course quickly leads to therapeutic nihilism for older adults with OCD. In this case report, we present a 72-year-old man with OCD symptoms from the age of 35, who has only been treated with medication and psychotherapy for a recurrent depressive disorder. After a short, intensive exposure and response prevention...
- Repetitive Behaviors in Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Reviewby Jessica O'Loghlen on 23 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: Further research into differences in the presentation of repetitive behaviors at a subscale and item level is required to inform clearer differentiation of specific behaviors in autism versus OCD. Understanding and more accurately differentiating is essential for efficient diagnosis, effective treatment, and better outcomes.
- The anxiety response of patients with severe psychiatric disorders to the recent public health crisisby Mohammadrasoul Khalkhali on 23 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: Anxiety response to health crisis is different in groups with SPDs and control group. The findings of this study suggest that although health anxiety is present in many of these patients during the pandemic, their anxiety response to the health crisis may be less than expected. There can be various explanations, such as pre-existing symptoms, low health literacy, and possible co-occurring cognitive impairment. The results of this study have many practical and policy implications in...
- Advances in the Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talusby Yongsheng Li on 22 Aprile 2024
Osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) is a localized cartilage and subchondral bone injury of the talus trochlea. OLT is caused by trauma and other reasons, including osteochondritis dissecans of the talus (OCD) and talus osteochondral tangential fracture. OLT can develop from being asymptomatic to subchondral bone cysts accompanied by deep ankle pain. OLT tends to occur on the medial and lateral sides of the talar vault. OLT seriously affects the patients' life and work and may even lead to...
- A two-item screening of maternal or infant perceived life threat during childbirth prospectively associated with childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms up to six months postpartum: two observational longitudinal studiesby Leah Gilbert on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: The type of perceived threat differently influences maternal CB-PTSS and probable CB-PTSD up to 6 months postpartum. These results may be the basis for the development of a short screening instrument after traumatic childbirth in clinical settings. Future studies need to assess the psychometric properties and acceptability of such a brief screening tool.
- Healing wounded trees: clinicians' perspectives on treatment of complex posttraumatic stress disorderby Boris Drožđek on 24 Aprile 2024
While treatment guidelines agree on the first-line interventions for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there is an ongoing debate between experts regarding the treatment of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD). As scientific research is slowly emerging, different treatment approaches are used in clinical practice This article aims to provide a set of treatment options for C-PTSD in adult survivors of repeated exposure to severe violence and abuse, both in childhood...
- Taking a trauma and adversity perspective to climate change mental healthby Meaghan O'Donnell on 24 Aprile 2024
The European Journal of Psychotraumatology has had a long interest in advancing the science around climate change and traumatic stress. In this special issue, we include papers that responded to a special call in this area. Six major themes emerge from these papers and together they contribute to trauma and adversity model of the mental health impacts of climate change. We argue that, in addition to individual vulnerability factors, we must consider the (i) cumulative trauma burden that is...
- Using the Moral Injury and Distress Scale to identify clinically meaningful moral injuryby Shira Maguen on 24 Aprile 2024
Despite the proliferation of moral injury studies, a remaining gap is distinguishing moral injury from normative distress following exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs). Our goal was to leverage mental health and functional measures to identify clinically meaningful and functionally impairing moral injury using the Moral Injury and Distress Scale (MIDS). Participants who endorsed PMIE exposure (N = 645) were drawn from a population-based sample of military veterans, health...
- Lifetime prevalence, comorbidities, and Sociodemographic predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): the National Epidemiology of Iranian Children and adolescents Psychiatric disorders (IRCAP)by Zahra Hooshyari on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: Our results in the prevalence, comorbidities, and sociodemographic factors associated with PTSD supported findings of previous studies that used a structured diagnostic interview. It is recommended to use purposive sampling and to investigate comorbidities of PTSD and type of traumatic events in a large clinical population.
- Feasibility of EMDR toward Personality Functioning in Older Adults with PTSDby Ellen M J Gielkens on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Observed improvements in personality functioning from pre to post EMDRtreatment were explained by PTSD-severity. Identityintegration improved significantly over time. Results suggest that participants with "othertreatment" showed more severe baseline-pathology and thus lower personality functioning.
- Brain compensatory mechanisms in depression and memory complaints in fibromyalgia: The role of theta oscillatory activityby Kevin Pacheco-Barrios on 23 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: Depression symptoms seem to be associated with TMS-indexed motor threshold and psychosocial variables, while memory complaints are associated with pain intensity and higher theta oscillations. These mechanisms may be catalyzed and/or triggered by some behavioral and clinical features such as older age, sleep disruption, and anxiety. The correlation with clinical variables suggests the increasing of theta oscillations is a compensatory response in patients with FMS, which can be...
- Effect of neuronavigated repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on pain, cognition and cortical excitability in fibromyalgia syndromeby Vikas Kumar Tiwari on 25 Gennaio 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation intervention is effective in managing pain alongside cognition and sleep disturbances in patients of fibromyalgia. It may prove to be an important tool in relieving fibromyalgia-associated morbidity.
- TMS in combination with a pain directed intervention for the treatment of fibromyalgia - A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trialby Einat Tilbor on 27 Dicembre 2023
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a course of dTMS combined with a pain-directed psychotherapeutic intervention can alleviate pain symptoms in FMS patients. Beyond clinical possibilities, future studies are needed to substantiate the innovative hypothesis that it is not dTMS alone, but rather dTMS-induced plasticity of pain-related networks, that enables the efficacy of pain-directed psychotherapeutic interventions.
- Motor Cortex Inhibition and Facilitation Correlates with Fibromyalgia Compensatory Mechanisms and Pain: A Cross-Sectional Studyby Kevin Pacheco-Barrios on 28 Giugno 2023
The role of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measures as biomarkers of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) phenotypes is still unclear. We aimed to determine the clinical correlates of TMS measures in FMS patients. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis that included 58 patients. We performed standardized TMS assessments, including resting motor threshold (MT), motor-evoked potential (MEP), short intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF). Sociodemographic, clinical...
- Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with fibromyalgia. A systematic reviewby Á Conde-Antón on 9 Aprile 2023
CONCLUSIONS: The application of tDCS to the motor cortex is the only intervention shown to decrease pain in the short and medium-term in patients with FM. The application of both interventions showed improvements in PPT, catastrophising and quality of life when applied to the motor cortex, and in fatigue when applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The effects of these interventions on anxiety and depression are unclear.
- Non-Invasive Electric and Magnetic Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Fibromyalgiaby Andrés Molero-Chamizo on 29 Marzo 2023
Although fibromyalgia is defined by its core muscular nociceptive component, it also includes multiple dysfunctions that involve the musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, immune, endocrine, as well as the central and peripheral nervous systems, amongst others. The pathogenic involvement of the nervous system and the numerous neurological and neuroinflammatory symptoms of this disease may benefit from neuromodulatory stimulation techniques that have been shown to be effective and safe in diverse...
- Reversing valproic acid-induced autism-like behaviors through a combination of low-frequency repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticlesby Masoud Afshari on 6 Aprile 2024
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a neurostimulation device used to modulate brain cortex activity. Our objective was to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of low-frequency repeated TMS (LF-rTMS) in a rat model of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) induced by prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure through the injection of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). For the induction of ASD, we administered prenatal VPA (600 mg/kg, I.P.) on the 12.5th day of pregnancy. At...
- Perceptions, Experiences, and Patterns of Cannabis Use in Individuals with Mood and Anxiety Disorders in the Context of Cannabis Legalization and Medical Cannabis Program in Canada - A Qualitative Studyby Ankita Das on 11 Marzo 2024
INTRODUCTION: Perceptions of cannabis as a potential medical treatment for mood and anxiety disorders have been increasing in the context of legalizations, availability, and medical cannabis programs, though current evidence predominately indicates risks and negative effects of cannabis use (CU) on mental health outcomes. This study aims to understand motivations, perceptions, effects, and patterns of CU in individuals with mood and anxiety disorders.
- Age-related differences in long-term potentiation-like plasticity and short-latency afferent inhibition and their association with cognitive functionby Qian Lu on 23 Febbraio 2024
CONCLUSIONS: During the normal ageing process, a decline in synaptic plasticity may precede cholinergic system dysfunction. In individuals over 60 years of age, there is a reduction in LTP-like plasticity, while a decline in cholinergic system function is observed in those over 70. Thus, the cholinergic system may play a vital role in preventing cognitive decline during normal ageing. In younger individuals, LTP-like plasticity might represent a potential neurophysiological marker for language...
- Distinct neuronal circuits mediate cortical hyperexcitability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosisby Nathan Pavey on 20 Febbraio 2024
Cortical hyperexcitability is an important pathophysiological mechanism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), reflecting a complex interaction of inhibitory and facilitatory interneuronal processes that evolves in the degenerating brain. The advances in physiological techniques have made it possible to interrogate progressive changes in the motor cortex. Specifically, the direction of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) stimulus within the primary motor cortex can be utilised to influence...
- Neural correlates of impaired learning and recognition of novel faces in mild cognitive impairmentby Tianjiao Zhang on 18 Febbraio 2024
CONCLUSION: These findings provide neurobehavioral evidence for impaired learning and recognition of unfamiliar faces in individuals with MCI.
- Exploring the potential of combining transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography to investigate mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a systematic reviewby J D Hall on 15 Febbraio 2024
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) are non-invasive techniques used for neuromodulation and recording brain electrical activity, respectively. The integration of TMS-EEG has emerged as a valuable tool for investigating the complex mechanisms involved in age-related disorders, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). By systematically synthesizing TMS-EEG studies, this review aims to shed light on the neurophysiological mechanisms...
- Demographic, lifestyle, social, and psychological factors associated with worry-related sleep problems among school-going adolescents in Timor-Lesteby Yong Kang Cheah on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: Age, exposure to second-hand smoke, alcohol consumption, physical activity, going hungry, physical fights, being bullied and loneliness are the important determining factors of adolescent worry-related sleep problems. Policymakers should pay special attention to these factors when formulating intervention measures.
- Co-design personal sleep health technology for and with university studentsby Zilu Liang on 24 Aprile 2024
University students often experience sleep disturbances and disorders. Personal digital technologies present a great opportunity for sleep health promotion targeting this population. However, studies that engage university students in designing and implementing digital sleep health technologies are scarce. This study sought to understand how we could build digital sleep health technologies that meet the needs of university students through a co-design process. We conducted three co-design...
- Medical Conditions in Former Professional American-Style Football Players Are Associated With Self-Reported Clinical Features of Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndromeby Rachel Grashow on 24 Aprile 2024
Consensus criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) specify that at least one core clinical feature of cognitive impairment (CI; e.g., difficulties with memory, executive function) or neurobehavioral dysregulation (ND; e.g., explosiveness, rage, and mood lability) be present and not fully accounted for by other health disorders. Associations between self-reported symptoms that mirror the core clinical features of TES-and how they may be related to concomitant medical conditions-remain...
- Quality of sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness among medical students in a Brazilian private universityby Anna Karolinna Ribeiro Souza on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: About half of the medical students experience poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, regardless of the graduation cycle. This should trigger a targeted institutional intervention to promote better mental and physical health, as well as sleep hygiene, to reduce future health issues.
- Chronic intermittent hypoxia reveals role of the Postinspiratory Complex in the mediation of normal swallow productionby Alyssa D Huff on 24 Aprile 2024
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder that results in multiple bouts of intermittent hypoxia. OSA has many neurological and systemic comorbidities, including dysphagia, or disordered swallow, and discoordination with breathing. However, the mechanism in which chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) causes dysphagia is unknown. Recently, we showed the postinspiratory complex (PiCo) acts as an interface between the swallow pattern generator (SPG) and the...
- Baseline coronary artery stenosis severity is an independent predictor of subsequent poor sleep quality in patients with acute coronary syndromeby Idris Yakut on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: Among patients with ACS, those with high SYNTAX scores should be monitored more carefully for sleep disorders that may occur later.
- Reframing pain: the power of individual and societal factors to enhance pain treatmentby Rebeccah Slater on 24 Aprile 2024
The effectiveness of analgesics can be increased if synergistic behavioural, psychological, and pharmacological interventions are provided within a supportive environment.
- Migraine among women with endometriosis: a hospital-based case-control study in Bangladeshby Samina Sultana on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: Our results support the association between endometriosis and migraine among the Bangladeshi population, which is similar to relevant studies conducted in other geographic locations. The groups of physicians who treat patients suffering from the 2 diseases, endometriosis and migraine, should keep this interrelationship in mind to ensure a better quality of life for the patient.
- Dihydroergotamine mesylate nasal spray: an acute treatment option for migraine in adultsby Marcello Silvestro on 24 Aprile 2024
INTRODUCTION: Although the landscape of migraine symptomatic treatment has been enriched by novel effective drugs, it is mandatory to critically reappraise older molecules to ascertain whether they could still represent reliable alternatives in specific endophenotypes of patients or migraine attacks. Among these, dihydroergotamine (DHE) nasal spray has been shown to be effective and is characterized by greater tolerability and manageability than the parenteral DHE formulation.
- Influence of Role Expectancy on Patient-Reported Outcomes Among Patients With Migraine: A Randomized Clinical Trialby Arne May on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This randomized clinical trial found an effect of expectations regarding the role of a patient with respect to clinical and study outcomes. These findings suggest that role expectations should be taken into account when, for example, invasive treatments are discussed.
- Implications of high homocysteine levels in migraine pain: An experimental study of the excitability of peripheral meningeal afferents in rats with hyperhomocysteinemiaby Elizaveta Ermakova on 23 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated higher excitability of the trigeminal system of rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. Together with our previous finding about the lower threshold of generation of cortical spreading depression in rats with hyperhomocysteinemia, the present data provide evidence of homocysteine as a factor that increases the sensitivity of the peripheral migraine mechanisms, and the control of homocysteine level may be an important strategy for reducing the risk and/or severity of...
- Genetic causal relationship between immune diseases and migraine: a Mendelian randomization studyby Guanglu Li on 23 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: The evidence from our study does not support a causal relationship between immune diseases and migraine. The mechanisms underlying the frequent comorbidity of migraine and several immune diseases need to be further elucidated.
- Outcomes of Anorexia Nervosa in a Male Patient Treated With Paroxetine: A Case Reportby Mohammed Alkhamis on 24 Aprile 2024
Eating disorders (EDs) are among the most dangerous mental illnesses, that are characterized by high mortality rates, multisystem comorbidity, and an often chronic and relapsing disease course. EDs occur most commonly in the female gender, with a ratio of 10 females to 1 male for anorexia nervosa (AN). We present the case of a 15-year-old Saudi boy who presented with weight loss (BMI 11.6 kg/m²) and began to have symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in prayer and ablution. His first...
- Practical guidelines for eating disorder risk mitigation in patients undergoing obesity treatment for the pediatric providerby Katelyn Gordon on 24 Aprile 2024
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pediatric obesity is a growing concern globally. Patients with a history of overweight/obesity often experience stigmatization, especially in the healthcare setting, and are at increased risk of developing psychological comorbidities including eating disorders. This review appraises the most recent studies evaluating eating disorder risk in youth undergoing treatment for obesity, identifies gaps in the literature, and offers practical guidelines to pediatric providers...
- PURA syndrome-causing mutations impair PUR-domain integrity and affect P-body associationby Marcel Proske on 24 Aprile 2024
Mutations in the human PURA gene cause the neurodevelopmental PURA syndrome. In contrast to several other monogenetic disorders, almost all reported mutations in this nucleic acid-binding protein result in the full disease penetrance. In this study, we observed that patient mutations across PURA impair its previously reported co-localization with processing bodies. These mutations either destroyed the folding integrity, RNA binding, or dimerization of PURA. We also solved the crystal structures...
- Effect of obesity on mood regulation and eating attitudes in mental disordersby Hayriye Baykan on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: While a partial and meaningful correlation was observed among body mass index, eating attitudes, and emotion regulation difficulties, it is suggested that factors such as patients' age, disease duration, current body mass index, and the simultaneous presence of depression and anxiety should be considered.
- Thinning of the retinal nerve fiber and choroidal layers in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A controlled studyby Ceyda Baskan on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: The retinal nerve fiber layer and choroidal layer thicknesses were lesser in patients with anorexia than in healthy controls. Screening for retinal indices might prevent the development of irreversible retinal pathologies in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. In addition, thinning of the retinal nerve fiber and choroidal layers could reflect structural or functional changes in the brain of adolescents with anorexia nervosa.
- Adolescents Who Do Not Endorse Risk via the Patient Health Questionnaire Before Self-Harm or Suicideby Jean P Flores on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Study results suggest that older age, history of an inpatient mental health encounter, or being screened in primary care were associated with at-risk adolescents being less likely to endorse having thoughts of death and self-harm on the PHQ item 9 before a self-harm event or suicide death. As use of the PHQ becomes more widespread in practice, additional research is needed for understanding reasons why many at-risk adolescents do not endorse thoughts of death and...
- Implementation of a Mindful Walking Intervention in Breast Cancer Patients After Their Primary Oncologic Treatment: Results of a Qualitative Study Within a Randomized Controlled Trialby Miriam Ortiz on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Study interventions and the study setting triggered processes and reflections on one's own health and situation. However, mindful walking and moderate walking seem to address different resources. This important knowledge may help oncologists and other therapists to assess what type of interventions can best meet the needs and requirements of individual patients.
- Behavioral Therapy for People With Diabetes Who Smoke: A Scoping Reviewby Roberta Sammut on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Future research should focus on the continued development and evaluation of structured smoking cessation interventions based on the 5As, Motivational interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy.
- Cognitive Behavior Therapy vs Mindfulness in Treatment of Prolonged Grief Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trialby Richard A Bryant on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy conferred more benefit for core prolonged grief disorder symptoms and associated problems 6 months after treatment than mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Although both treatments may be considered for prolonged grief disorder, grief-focused cognitive behavior therapy might be the more effective choice, taking all factors into consideration.
- How do social networks, perception of social isolation, and loneliness affect depressive symptoms among Japanese adults?by Natsuho Kushibiki on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that interventions of psychological approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, are effective in reducing the perception of social isolation and loneliness, which may lead to the prevention of depressive symptoms. Future longitudinal studies are expected to refine and strengthen the proposed model.
- Cancer Care Supportive Text Messaging Program (Text4Hope) for People Living With Cancer and Their Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Observational Studyby Reham Shalaby on 24 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSIONS: Text4Hope-Cancer Care was well-perceived and effectively addressed anxiety symptoms among people living with cancer and caregivers during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides evidence-based support and insight for policy and stakeholders to implement similar convenient, economic, and accessible mental health services that support vulnerable populations during crises.
- Leveraging DNA methylation to predict treatment response in major depressive disorder: A critical reviewby Jan Dahrendorff on 23 Aprile 2024
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating and prevalent mental disorder with a high disease burden. Despite a wide array of different treatment options, many patients do not respond to initial treatment attempts. Selection of the most appropriate treatment remains a significant clinical challenge in psychiatry, highlighting the need for the development of biomarkers with predictive utility. Recently, the epigenetic modification DNA methylation (DNAm) has emerged to be of great interest...
- Local Alpha1-Antitrypsin Accelerates the Healing of Tympanic Membrane Perforation in Miceby Sabri El-Saied on 23 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: A local tissue environment rich in AAT promotes early tissue repair in a perforated TM model both macroscopically and molecularly. Studies are underway to examine TM functionality and recombinant AAT formulations for micro-dosing in the format of a single local application.
- Enhancing ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation mitigates social pain and modifies subsequent social attitudes: Insights from TMS and fMRIby Sijin Li on 19 Aprile 2024
Social pain, a multifaceted emotional response triggered by interpersonal rejection or criticism, profoundly impacts mental well-being and social interactions. While prior research has implicated the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) in mitigating social pain, the precise neural mechanisms and downstream effects on subsequent social attitudes remain elusive. This study employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) integrated with fMRI recordings during a social pain task to...
- A randomized controlled trial of intermittent theta burst stimulation to the medial prefrontal cortex for tobacco use disorder: Clinical efficacy and safetyby Merideth A Addicott on 5 Aprile 2024
CONCLUSION: There were no differences in cigarette consumption between the active and sham iTBS groups, both groups decreased cigarette consumption similarly. Further research is needed to compare iTBS to standard high-frequency rTMS and explore the potential differences in efficacy. Despite limitations, this study contributes to experimental design considerations for TMS as a novel intervention for tobacco and other substance use disorders, emphasizing the need for a more comprehensive...
- Does deep TMS really works for smoking cessation? A prospective, double blind, randomized, sham controlled studyby Bianca B Bellini on 26 Marzo 2024
CONCLUSION: Active treatment with dTMS H4 coil was safe but not effective for smoking cessation.
- Permanent deterioration of fine motor skills after the resection of tumors in the supplementary motor areaby Stefanie Maurer on 14 Marzo 2024
Supplementary motor area syndrome (SMAS) represents a common neurosurgical sequela. The incidence and time frame of its occurrence have yet to be characterized after surgery for brain tumors. We examined patients suffering from a brain tumor preoperatively, postoperatively, and during follow-up examinations after three months, including fine motor skills testing and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). 13 patients suffering from a tumor in the dorsal part of the superior frontal gyrus...
- Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for adolescents with treatment-resistant depression: A preliminary dose-finding study exploring safety and clinical effectivenessby Michelle Thai on 14 Marzo 2024
CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide preliminary evidence that dTMS may be tolerable and associated with clinical improvement in adolescent TRD.