Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have made great progress in recent years and offer boundless potential for the neuroscientific research and treatment of disorders. However, the possible use of NIBS devices for neuro-doping and neuroenhancement in healthy individuals and the military are poorly regulated. The great potentials and diverse applications can have an impact on the future...

Backgrounds: .Brain morphological biomarkers could contribute to understanding the treatment response in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Multimodal neuroimaging addresses this issue by providing more comprehensive information regarding neural processes and structures. Objectives. The present study aims to investigate whether patients responsive to deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) differ from non-responsive individuals in terms of electrophysiology and brain...

The human brain comprises large-scale networks that flexibly interact to support diverse cognitive functions and adapt to variability in daily life. The inferior parietal lobe (IPL) is a hub of multiple brain networks that sustain various cognitive domains. It remains unclear how networks respond to acute regional perturbations to maintain normal function. To provoke network-level adaptive responses to local inhibition, we combined offline transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over left or...

High-grade infiltrating gliomas are highly aggressive and fatal brain tumors that present significant challenges for research and treatment due to their complex microenvironment and tissue structure. Recent discovery of tumor microtubes (TMs) has provided new insights into how high-grade gliomas develop in the brain and resist treatment. TMs are unique, ultra-long, and highly functional membrane protrusions that form multicellular networks and play crucial roles in glioma invasiveness, drug...

Drug development in psychiatry has been hampered by the lack of reliable ways to determine the neurobiological effects of the assets tested, difficulties in identifying patient subsets more amenable to benefit from a given asset, and issues with executing trials in a manner that would convincingly provide answers. An emerging idea in many companies is to validate tools to address changes in neural circuits by pharmacological tools as a key piece in quantifying the effects of our drugs. Here, we...

CONCLUSION: The proposed stimulation protocol with low-intensity TMS had a fair effect on the response inhibition in adults with ADHD. Therefore, it could be suggested as a treatment protocol for response inhibition in ADHD individuals.

CONCLUSIONS: There is emerging evidence of benefits of neuromodulation to improve postoperative outcome in glioma patients. In the current literature, noninvasive stimulation has shown to have a favorable safety profile. Large-scale, double-blind, sham-controlled trials are warranted to further investigate the effectiveness of these interventions for modulating different cognitive networks in patients undergoing glioma surgery.

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) has been extensively utilized for noninvasive investigation of human brain activity. While studies employing simultaneous recordings of fMRI and electrophysiology have established a connection between the low-frequency fluctuation (

Cognitive models of reading assume that speech production occurs after visual and phonological processing of written words. This traditional view is at odds with more recent magnetoencephalography studies showing that the left posterior inferior frontal cortex (pIFC) classically associated with spoken production responds to print at 100-150 ms after word-onset, almost simultaneously with posterior brain regions for visual and phonological processing. Yet the theoretical significance of this fast...

Adapting our behavior to environmental demands relies on our capacity to perceive and manage potential conflicts within our surroundings. While evidence implicates the involvement of the lateral prefrontal cortex and theta oscillations in detecting conflict stimuli, their causal role in conflict expectation remains elusive. Consequently, the exact computations and neural mechanisms underlying these cognitive processes still need to be determined. We employed an integrative approach involving...

Familial adult myoclonus epilepsy (FAME) management relies on antiseizure medications (ASMs), which inadequately address myoclonus and cortical tremor. This study evaluates Perampanel (PER), an AMPA-receptor antagonist, for treating FAME symptoms. Fifteen FAME2 patients participated in an observational prospective study. They received up to 6 mg daily of PER and underwent Unified-Myoclonus-Rating-Scale (UMRS) before and after treatment. Neurophysiological evaluations, including somatosensory...

INTRODUCTION: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental disorder that is characterised by high morbidity, high rates of relapse, high rates of disability and, in severe cases, suicide ideas or even behaviour causing significant distress and burden. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique widely used in the clinical treatment of MDD. Nevertheless, due to the imprecise selection and positioning of stimulation targets, their response rate is...

BACKGROUND: Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has attracted significant attention as it has been proven to be effective in facilitating upper limb motor recovery in patients with stroke. This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of dual-site non-invasive brain stimulation (DS-NIBS) in improving upper extremity motor function after stroke.

Many athletes with recurrent ankle sprains complain of neurophysiological deficits related to chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, it remains unclear how changes in the corticospinal pathway affect the potential risk of subsequent ankle sprains. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the corticospinal excitability (input-output properties) and silent period (SP) could be related to the risk of subsequent ankle sprains among athletes. Forty-three male collegiate basketball...

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are debilitating psychiatric disorders. While treatments are often effective, many patients do not adequately respond or experience significant side effects. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an emerging approach for treating PTSD and GAD. Several randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that TMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may be efficacious in reducing psychiatric symptoms; however, results are...